Smart classroom for university students: Improving air quality by integrating wireless sensors in Malaysia
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Published:
Dec 31, 2022
Keywords:
Covid-19, Learning efficiency, Smart classroom, Ventilation system, Wireless sensors technology
Main Article Content
Abstract
In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on the education system in Malaysia, especially at higher education level. A number of public or private universities have carried out online learning classes due to the Covid-19 pandemic and avoid the spread of the virus among university students. Face to-face learning can not be implemented because the learning efficiency in class management decreased. Thus, this study discussed the integration of wireless sensors within the classroom, focusing on improvement of ventilation system and learning efficiency in classroom design. As a result, the goals of this research are to identify the types of wireless sensors that can be used to improve the ventilation system in classroom design, to identify the mechanisms of wireless sensors that can be used to improve the ventilation system in classroom design, and to propose design guidelines for using wireless sensors to improve the ventilation system and learning efficiency in classroom design. Reviews on related topics such as wireless sensor technology and smart classroom will be made via online searching articles and journals. Acquisition of primary data and secondary data will be done via case study of smart classroom from relevant articles and journals.
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How to Cite
Ng Wei, Pang, and A. Ghafar Ahmad. 2022. “Smart Classroom for University Students: Improving Air Quality by Integrating Wireless Sensors in Malaysia”. ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 7 (3), 279-88. https://doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v7i3.1221.
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ARTICLES-RESEARCH
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Kottek, Markus, Jürgen Grieser, Christoph Beck, Bruno Rudolf, and Franz Rubel. 2006. ‘World Map of the Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification Updated’. Meteorologische Zeitschrift 15 (3): 259–63. https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130.
Rands, Melissa, and Ann Gansemer-Topf. 2017. ‘The Room Itself Is Active: How Classroom Design Impacts Student Engagement.’ Journal of Learning Spaces 6 (1): 26–33. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1152568.pdf.
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Saini, Mukesh Kumar, and Neeraj Goel. 2020. ‘How Smart Are Smart Classrooms? A Review of Smart Classroom Technologies’. ACM Computing Surveys 52 (6): 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1145/3365757.
Sari, Marti Widya, Prahenusa Wahyu Ciptadi, and R. Hafid Hardyanto. 2017. ‘Study of Smart Campus Development Using Internet of Things Technology’. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 190 (April): 012032. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/190/1/012032.
Spachos, Petros, and Dimitrios Hatzinakos. 2016. ‘Real-Time Indoor Carbon Dioxide Monitoring Through Cognitive Wireless Sensor Networks’. IEEE Sensors Journal 16 (2): 506–14. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2015.2479647.
UNICEF. 2020. ‘UNICEF Education COVID-19 Case Study: Malaysia – Empowering Teachers to Deliver Blended Learning after School Reopening’. Reliefwe.Int. 2020. https://reliefweb.int/report/malaysia/unicef-education-covid-19-case-study-malaysia-empowering-teachers-deliver-blended.
United Nations Statistics Division Development Data and Outreach Branch. 2020. ‘Ensure Inclusive and Equitable Quality Education and Promote Lifelong Learning Opportunities for All’. SDG Indicators. 2020. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2020/goal-04/.
WOB Partner Content. 2021. ‘How Can We Make Online Learning Better? Write an Essay & Stand a Chance to Win Prizes Worth More than RM200K!’ World of Buzz. 2021. https://worldofbuzz.com/how-can-we-make-online-learning-better-write-an-essay-stand-a-chance-to-win-prizes-worth-more-than-rm200k/.
Yang, Junfeng, Hui Pan, Weiying Zhou, and Ronghuai Huang. 2018. ‘Evaluation of Smart Classroom from the Perspective of Infusing Technology into Pedagogy’. Smart Learning Environments 5 (1): 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-018-0070-1.
Yang, Yuan, Jiang Liu, Wei Wang, Yu Cao, and Heng Li. 2021. ‘Incorporating SLAM and Mobile Sensing for Indoor CO2 Monitoring and Source Position Estimation’. Journal of Cleaner Production 291 (April): 125780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125780.
Author(s) contribution
Ng Wei Pang contribute to the research concepts preparation and literature reviews, data analysis, of article drafts preparation and validation.
A. Ghafar Ahmad contributed to the research concepts preparation, methodologies, investigations, data analysis, visualization, articles drafting and revisions.
Akyildiz, I.F., Weilian Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and E. Cayirci. 2002. ‘A Survey on Sensor Networks’. IEEE Communications Magazine 40 (8): 102–14. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2002.1024422.
Al-Hunaiyyan, Ahmed, Salah Al-Sharhan, and Rana Alhajri. 2017. ‘A New Mobile Learning Model in the Context of the Smart Classrooms Environment: A Holistic Approach’. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (IJIM) 11 (3): 39. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v11i3.6186.
Al-Sharhan, Salah. 2016. ‘Smart Classrooms in the Context of Technology- Enhanced Learning (TEL) Environments: A Holistic Approach’. In Transforming Education in the Gulf Region, 1st ed. Britania Raya, London: Routledge.
Anastasi, Giuseppe, Carlo Bartoli, Paolo Conti, Emanuele Crisostomi, Alessandro Franco, Sergio Saponara, Daniele Testi, Dimitri Thomopulos, and Carlo Vallati. 2021. ‘Optimized Energy and Air Quality Management of Shared Smart Buildings in the Covid-19 Scenario’. Energies 14 (8): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14082124.
Ascione, Fabrizio, Rosa Francesca De Masi, Margherita Mastellone, and Giuseppe Peter Vanoli. 2021. ‘The Design of Safe Classrooms of Educational Buildings for Facing Contagions and Transmission of Diseases: A Novel Approach Combining Audits, Calibrated Energy Models, Building Performance (BPS) and Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Simulations’. Energy and Buildings 230 (January): 110533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110533.
Bajracharya, Biju, Cody Blackford, and Jeyaprakash Chelladurai. 2011. ‘The CTE Journal’. The CTE Journal 6 (1): 1–7. https://www.thectejournal.com/uploads/1/0/6/8/10686931/bajracharya_prospects_of_internet.pdf.
Bautista, Guillermo, and Federico Borges. 2013. ‘Smart Classrooms: Innovation in Formal Learning Spaces to Transform Learning Experiences’. Bulletin of the Technical Committee on Learning Technology 15 (3): 18–21. http://tc.computer.org/tclt/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/01/Bautista.pdf.
Beichner, Robert J, and Jeffery M Saul. 2003. ‘Introduction to the SCALE-UP ( Student-Centered Activities for Large Enrollment Undergraduate Programs ) Project’. In Proceedings of the International School of Physics, 1–17. Italy: Enrico Fermi, Varenna. https://www.ncsu.edu/PER/Articles/Varenna_SCALEUP_Paper.pdf.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2019. ‘Ventilation in Buildings’. Cdc.Gov. 2019. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/ventilation.html.
Clark, Ruth C., Frank Nguyen, and John Sweller. 2005. Efficiency in Learning: Evidence-Based Guidelines to Manage Cognitive Load. 1st ed. Pfeiffer.
Creswell, John W., and J. David Creswell. 2018. Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 4th ed. New Delhi: SAGE Publications.
Diaz León, Christian Andrés, Edwin Mauricio Hincapié Montoya, Edison Andrés Guirales Arredondo, and Gustavo Adolfo Moreno Lopez. 2016. ‘Design and Development of an Interaction System in Order To Be Implemented in a Smart Classroom’. Revista EIA 13 (26): 95–109. https://revistas.eia.edu.co/index.php/Reveiaenglish/article/view/1101/1036.
Emary, Ibrahiem M. M. El, and S. Ramakrishnan, eds. 2013. Wireless Sensor Networks: From Theory to Applications. Amerika Serikat: CRC Press.
Government of Canada, Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety. 2016. ‘1-Introduction : OSH Answers’. Ccohs.Ca. 2016. https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/prevention/ventilation/introduction.html.
Haddad, Shamila, Afroditi Synnefa, Miguel Ángel Padilla Marcos, Riccardo Paolini, Steven Delrue, Deo Prasad, and Mattheos Santamouris. 2021. ‘On the Potential of Demand-Controlled Ventilation System to Enhance Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Condition in Australian School Classrooms’. Energy and Buildings 238 (May): 110838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.110838.
Heebøll, Anna, Pawel Wargocki, and Jørn Toftum. 2018. ‘Window and Door Opening Behavior, Carbon Dioxide Concentration, Temperature, and Energy Use during the Heating Season in Classrooms with Different Ventilation Retrofits—ASHRAE RP1624’. Science and Technology for the Built Environment 24 (6): 626–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/23744731.2018.1432938.
Kocakulak, Mustafa, and Ismail Butun. 2017. ‘An Overview of Wireless Sensor Networks towards Internet of Things’. In 2017 IEEE 7th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC), 1–6. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCWC.2017.7868374.
Kottek, Markus, Jürgen Grieser, Christoph Beck, Bruno Rudolf, and Franz Rubel. 2006. ‘World Map of the Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification Updated’. Meteorologische Zeitschrift 15 (3): 259–63. https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130.
Rands, Melissa, and Ann Gansemer-Topf. 2017. ‘The Room Itself Is Active: How Classroom Design Impacts Student Engagement.’ Journal of Learning Spaces 6 (1): 26–33. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1152568.pdf.
Rogers, Lindsay Smith, and J. H. Bloomberg. 2020. ‘Interview by Stephanie Desmon: How Indoor Ventilation Systems Can Help Prevent or Permit the Spread of COVID-19’. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. 2020. https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2020/how-indoor-ventilation-systems-can-help-prevent-or-permit-the-spread-of-covid-19.
Saini, Mukesh Kumar, and Neeraj Goel. 2020. ‘How Smart Are Smart Classrooms? A Review of Smart Classroom Technologies’. ACM Computing Surveys 52 (6): 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1145/3365757.
Sari, Marti Widya, Prahenusa Wahyu Ciptadi, and R. Hafid Hardyanto. 2017. ‘Study of Smart Campus Development Using Internet of Things Technology’. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 190 (April): 012032. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/190/1/012032.
Spachos, Petros, and Dimitrios Hatzinakos. 2016. ‘Real-Time Indoor Carbon Dioxide Monitoring Through Cognitive Wireless Sensor Networks’. IEEE Sensors Journal 16 (2): 506–14. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2015.2479647.
UNICEF. 2020. ‘UNICEF Education COVID-19 Case Study: Malaysia – Empowering Teachers to Deliver Blended Learning after School Reopening’. Reliefwe.Int. 2020. https://reliefweb.int/report/malaysia/unicef-education-covid-19-case-study-malaysia-empowering-teachers-deliver-blended.
United Nations Statistics Division Development Data and Outreach Branch. 2020. ‘Ensure Inclusive and Equitable Quality Education and Promote Lifelong Learning Opportunities for All’. SDG Indicators. 2020. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2020/goal-04/.
WOB Partner Content. 2021. ‘How Can We Make Online Learning Better? Write an Essay & Stand a Chance to Win Prizes Worth More than RM200K!’ World of Buzz. 2021. https://worldofbuzz.com/how-can-we-make-online-learning-better-write-an-essay-stand-a-chance-to-win-prizes-worth-more-than-rm200k/.
Yang, Junfeng, Hui Pan, Weiying Zhou, and Ronghuai Huang. 2018. ‘Evaluation of Smart Classroom from the Perspective of Infusing Technology into Pedagogy’. Smart Learning Environments 5 (1): 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-018-0070-1.
Yang, Yuan, Jiang Liu, Wei Wang, Yu Cao, and Heng Li. 2021. ‘Incorporating SLAM and Mobile Sensing for Indoor CO2 Monitoring and Source Position Estimation’. Journal of Cleaner Production 291 (April): 125780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125780.
Author(s) contribution
Ng Wei Pang contribute to the research concepts preparation and literature reviews, data analysis, of article drafts preparation and validation.
A. Ghafar Ahmad contributed to the research concepts preparation, methodologies, investigations, data analysis, visualization, articles drafting and revisions.