Study of thermal comfort and CO2 concentration in air conditioned children's rooms during the Covid-19 Pandemic
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Published:
Aug 1, 2023
Keywords:
Children’s room, CO2 concentration, Heat index, Study room, Thermal comfort
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Abstract
The government's implementation of online learning for students during the Covid-19 pandemic since March 2019 has impacted thermal comfort and CO2 concentration in the rooms where children engage in activities at home. This study aims to investigate the thermal comfort and CO2 concentration in air-conditioned children's rooms during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method was carried out through field measurements consisting of collecting external climate data, internal room data, and CO2 concentration levels. Temperature, air humidity, and CO2 concentration levels were recorded every minute for four days. In addition, surface temperatures of the floor, ceiling, and walls were recorded every 15 minutes between 06:00-18:00 Central Indonesia Time (CIT). The results showed that the average room air temperature was 26.2 °C, with the AC thermostat set at 26 °C. However, uneven air distribution was caused by the furniture arrangement that hindered uniform air distribution. CO2 concentration levels increased above the normal limit when more than three people were in the room, especially at night. To quickly reduce CO2 levels to meet the standards, it is recommended to open windows or doors to facilitate air circulation.
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Latif, Sahabuddin, Andi Syahriyunita Syahruddin, and Sri Wahyuni. 2023. “Study of Thermal Comfort and CO2 Concentration in Air Conditioned children’s Rooms During the Covid-19 Pandemic”. ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 8 (2), 219-28. https://doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v8i2.2049.
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ARTICLES-RESEARCH
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Barradas, Victor L, Jennifer A Miranda, Manuel Esperón-Rodríguez, and Monica Ballinas. 2022. "(Re) Designing Urban Parks to Maximize Urban Heat Island Mitigation by Natural Means." Forests 13 (7):1143.
BPPT. 2020. Outlook Energi Indonesia: Pusat Pengkajian Industri Proses dan Energi (PPIPE); Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT).
Brink, Henk W, Marcel GLC Loomans, Mark P Mobach, and Helianthe SM Kort. 2021. "Classrooms' indoor environmental conditions affecting the academic achievement of students and teachers in higher education: a systematic literature review." Indoor air 31 (2):405-425.
Fan, Guangtao, Jingchao Xie, Hiroshi Yoshino, U Yanagi, Kenichi Hasegawa, Chunyu Wang, Xiaojing Zhang, and Jiaping Liu. 2017. "Investigation of indoor thermal environment in the homes with elderly people during heating season in Beijing, China." Building Environment 126:288-303.
Gopalakrishnan, Preethi, M Kavinraj, Vivekanadhan, and N Jeevitha. 2021. "Effect of indoor air quality on human health-A review." AIP Conference Proceedings.
Hamzah, Baharuddin, Asniawaty Kusno, and Rosady Mulyadi. 2018. "Design of energy efficient and thermally comfortable air-conditioned university classrooms in the tropics." International Journal of Sustainable Energy 37:1-16. doi: 10.1080/14786451.2018.1539394.
Handarini, Oktafia Ika, and Siti Sri Wulandari. 2020. "Pembelajaran daring sebagai upaya study from home (SFH) selama pandemi covid 19." Jurnal Pendidikan Administrasi Perkantoran 8 (3):496-503.
Hariadi, Tony K, Milou Derks, Agus Jamal, and Slamet Riyadi. 2018. "Renewable Energy Investment for Middle- and Upper-Class Housing Sector in Indonesia: Investigating the Scope for a Change in Policy." Journal of Electrical Technology UMY 2 (1):12-18.
Hviid, Christian A, Christian Pedersen, and Kent Helmann Dabelsteen. 2020. "A field study of the individual and combined effect of ventilation rate and lighting conditions on pupils’ performance." Building Environment 171:106608.
Latif, Sahabuddin. 2020. "Sistem Ventilasi Alami Satu Sisi pada Kamar Kos dengan Metode Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)." Jurnal Permukiman 15 (2):95-106.
Latif, Sahabuddin, Irnawaty Idrus, and Ahmad Ahmad. 2019a. "Kenyamanan Termal pada Rumah Kos (Studi Kasus Pondok Istiqomah di Makassar)." Jurnal Linears 2 (1):1-7.
Latif, Sahabuddin, Baharuddin Hamzah, Ramli Rahim, and Rosady Mulyadi. 2019b. "Thermal Comfort Identification of Traditional Bugis House in Humid Tropical Climate." Tesa Arsitektur, Journal of Architectural Discourses 17 (1):61-71.
Latif, Sahabuddin, Baharuddin Hamzah, Ramli Rahim, Rosady Mulyadi, and Irnawaty Idrus. 2019c. "Computational Study of the Heat Ventilation on The Attics of Buginese Houses." 1st International Conference on Science and Technology, Makassar, Indonesia, 2-3 May 2019.
Latif, Sahabuddin, Baharuddin Hamzah, Ramli Rahim, Rosady Mulyadi, and Andi Erwin Eka Putra. 2019d. "STUDY OF THE HEAT VENTILATION WITH INCLINED CHIMNEY IN THE ATTIC." International Journal of GEOMATE 17 (64):178-184.
López-Pérez, LA, JJ Flores-Prieto, and C Ríos-Rojas. 2019. "Adaptive thermal comfort model for educational buildings in a hot-humid climate." Building Environment 150:181-194.
Luckyarno, Yakub Fahim, Sentagi Sesotya Utami, Faridah Faridah, and Ressy Jaya Yanti. 2019. "Desain Sistem Pemantau Konsumsi Energi untuk Rusunawa di Indonesia." Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi 8 (4):379-384.
Opitz-Stapleton, Sarah, Lea Sabbag, Kate Hawley, Phong Tran, Lan Hoang, and Phuong Hoang Nguyen. 2016. "Heat index trends and climate change implications for occupational heat exposure in Da Nang, Vietnam." Climate Services 2:41-51.
Sangkertadi, Syafriny R, and A Tungka. 2008. "Thermal Comfort Comparison of Traditional Architecture and Modern Style Housing in North Sulawesi Indonesia." Proceeding of 9th SENVAR+ 2nd ISESEE, Selangor, Malaysia.
Santamouris, Mattheos, and Jie Feng. 2018. "Recent progress in daytime radiative cooling: is it the air conditioner of the future?" Buildings 8 (12):168.
Shriram, S, K Ramamurthy, and Ramakrishnan. 2019. "Effect of occupant-induced indoor CO2 concentration and bioeffluents on human physiology using a spirometric test." Building Environment 149:58-67.
SNI 03-6572. 2001. Tata Cara Perancangan Sistem Ventilasi dan Pengkondisian Udara pada Bangunan Gedung. Jakarta.
SNI. 1993. Standar: Tata Cara Perencanaan Teknis Konservasi Energi pada Bangunan Gedung. edited by Departemen Pekerjaan Umum. Bandung: Yayasan LPMB.
Sobolewski, Andrzej, Magdalena Młynarczyk, Maria Konarska, and Joanna Bugajska. 2021. "The influence of air humidity on human heat stress in a hot environment." International Journal of Occupational Safety Ergonomics 27 (1):226-236.
Sun, Chanjuan, Jialing Zhang, Yuchao Guo, Qingyan Fu, Wei Liu, Jun Pan, Yanmin Huang, Zhijun Zou, and Chen Huang. 2018. "Outdoor air pollution in relation to sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms among residents in Shanghai, China." Energy Buildings 174:68-76.
Suparta, W, and ANM Yatim. 2017. "An analysis of heat wave trends using heat index in East Malaysia." Journal of Physics: Conference Series.
Yang, Zixu, Xian Dong, Hansong Xiao, Hongli Sun, Baolong Wang, Wenxing Shi, and Xianting Li. 2022. "Investigation of thermal comfort of room air conditioner during heating season." Building Environment 207:108544.
Zaki, Sheikh Ahmad, Nur Fadhila Mat Hanip, Aya Hagishima, Fitri Yakub, and Mohamd Sukri Mat Ali. 2018. "Survey of resident behaviour related to air conditioner operation in low-cost apartments of Kuala Lumpur." Chemical Engineering Transactions 63:259-264.
Zamroni, M. 2020. "Cara Indonesia Menanggulangi Corona Virus Disease-19 Melalui Peraturan Perundang-Undangan." Suloh: Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Malikussaleh 8 (2):122-140.
Zune, May, Lucelia Rodrigues, and Mark Gillott. 2020. "The vulnerability of homes to overheating in Myanmar today and in the future: A heat index analysis of measured and simulated data." Energy Buildings 223:110201.