The adaptability of stilt houses roof structure in earthquake prone region in the context of local seismic culture
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Published:
Apr 1, 2023
Keywords:
Adaptability, Local seismic culture, Roof structure, Stilt houses, Wood joint
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Abstract
Earthquake-prone environmental conditions require the vernacular community in Bima Regency to adapt by carrying out 'innovations' in their stilt houses' structural and construction systems. The bottom structure tends to remain, while the top tends to change. This study aimed to identify the differences in the types of wood joints between the elements and the roof construction on wooden stilts of Mbawa, Maria, Sambori, and Kole Village, Bima Regency, in the context of their adaptability to earthquakes. Case studies through observation and documentation are carried out for data collection and identification processes. The documentation results are then analyzed to ensure the connection type between the elements on each part of the roof truss. Five types of roof truss construction are found, each with some wood connection type: pin, rigid, and friction joint. The integration between joints of the roof truss with the unique construction developed to date has proven to adapt to earthquake-prone environments. The changes made by the community to improve the seismic adaptability of uma panggu show that the local seismic culture is still developing in Bima Regency.
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Hariyanto, Agus Dwi, Sugeng Triyadi, and Andry Widyowijatnoko. 2023. “The Adaptability of Stilt Houses Roof Structure in Earthquake Prone Region in the Context of Local Seismic Culture”. ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 8 (1), 145-58. https://doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v8i1.2130.
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ARTICLES-RESEARCH
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Maer, Bisatya W., and Pamuda Pudjisuryadi. 2015. ‘Sante-Fuse as an Earthquake Damper for Pendopo Joglo’. Dimensi - Journal of Architecture and Built Environment 42 (1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.9744/dimensi.42.1.1-8.
Manthani, Khairat, and Muhammad Fauzan. 2019. ‘Desain Dan Analisis Struktur Bangunan Adat Sumatera Barat Terhadap Ketahanan Gempa’. Jurnal Teknik Sipil Dan Lingkungan 4 (1): 25–36. https://doi.org/10.29244/jsil.4.1.25-36.
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Okubo, Takeyuki. 2016. ‘Traditional Wisdom for Disaster Mitigation in History of Japanese Architectures and Historic Cities’. Journal of Cultural Heritage 20 (July): 715–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2016.03.014.
Oliver, Paul. 1997. Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World. Volume 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ortega, Javier, G. Vasconcelos, and M. R. Correia. 2015. ‘Seismic-Resistant Building Practices Resulting from Local Seismic Culture’. In Seismic Retrofitting: Learning from Vernacular Architecture, 17–22. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b18856.
Ortega, Javier, Graça Vasconcelos, and Mariana Correia. 2014. ‘An Overview of the Seismic Strengthening Techniques Traditionally Applied in Vernacular Architecture’. 9th International Masonry Conference, Guimarães, Portugal, 1–12.
Ortega, Javier, Graça Vasconcelos, Hugo Rodrigues, and Mariana Correia. 2018. ‘Assessment of the Efficiency of Traditional Earthquake Resistant Techniques for Vernacular Architecture’. Engineering Structures 173 (June): 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.06.101.
Ortega, Javier, Graça Vasconcelos, Hugo Rodrigues, Mariana Correia, and Paulo B. Lourenço. 2017. ‘Traditional Earthquake Resistant Techniques for Vernacular Architecture and Local Seismic Cultures: A Literature Review’. Journal of Cultural Heritage 27: 181–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2017.02.015.
Paudel, Sundar, Norihisa Shima, and Toshinobu Fujii. 2018. ‘Development of Earthquake Resilient Housing in Nepal by Development of Earthwuake Introducing Japanese’. AIJ Journal of Technology and Design. https://doi.org/10.3130/aijt.24.751.
Pranata, Yosafat Aji, and Kevin Mariano William. 2013. ‘Sistem Base Isolation Pada Rumah Kayu Tradisional Ammu Hawu, Pulau Sabu, Nusa Tenggara Timur’. In Seminar Nasional SCAN#4:"Stone, Steel, and Straw" Building Materials and Sustainable Environment, 101–8.
Prihatmaji, Yulianto, Akihisa Kitamori, and Kohei Komatsu. 2015. ‘Seismic Vulnerability on Structural Proportion of Traditional Javanese Wooden Houses (Joglo)’. Procedia Environmental Sciences 28 (SustaiN 2014): 804–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.095.
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Triyadi, S., I. Sudradjat, and A. Harapan. 2009. ‘Vernacular Houses Typology and Its Respond to The Earthquake Case Study: Duku Ulu Village, Bengkulu, Indonesia’. Asian Transactions on Engineering 01 (02).
Triyadi, Sugeng, and Andi Harapan. 2011. ‘Lesson Learnt from Vernacular Houses of Rurukan and Tonsealama at Minahasa to Cope the Earthquake’. Asian Transactions on Science & Technology 1 (5): 14–21.
BMKG. 2017. ‘Data BMKG: Kejadian Gempa 2015, 2016 Dan 2017 Di Pulau Sumbawa’. Bima.
BPS Kabupaten Bima. 2020a. Kabupaten Bima Dalam Angka 2020: Penyediaan Data Untuk Perencanaan Pembangunan.
———. 2020b. Kabupaten Bima Dalam Angka 2020.
Buchanan, Andy, and Daniel Moroder. 2017. ‘Log House Performance in the 2016 Kaikoura Earthquake’. Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 50 (2). https://doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.50.2.225-236.
Chand, Biswajit, Hemant B. Kaushik, and Sandip Das. 2019. ‘Lateral Load Behavior of Traditional Assam-Type Wooden House’. Journal of Structural Engineering 145 (8): 04019072. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002359.
———. 2020. ‘Lateral Load Behavior of Connections in Assam-Type Wooden Houses in the Himalayan Region of India’. Construction and Building Materials 261 (November). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119904.
Charleson, Andrew. 2008. Seismic Design for Architects: Outwitting the Quake. Elsevier Ltd.
Crayssac, Emile, Xiaobin Song, Yajie Wu, and Kai Li. 2018. ‘Lateral Performance of Mortise-Tenon Jointed Traditional Timber Frames with Wood Panel Infill’. Engineering Structures 161 (April): 223–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.02.022.
Creswell, John W. 2013. Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design: Choosing among Five Approaches. US: Sage Publications.
Erarslan, Alev. 2019. ‘Timber Construction Systems in Anatolian Vernacular Architecture’. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov, Series II: Forestry, Wood Industry, Agricultural Food Engineering. https://doi.org/10.31926/but.fwiafe.2019.12.61.2.3.
Ferrigni, F. 2015a. ‘The Central and Eastern Asian Local Seismic Culture: Three Approaches’. In Seismic Retrofitting: Learning from Vernacular Architecture, edited by M. R. Correia, P.B. Lourenço, and H. Varum, 77–81. London: Taylor & Francis Group.
———. 2015b. ‘Vernacular Architecture: A Paradigm of the Local Seismic Culture’. In Seismic Retrofitting: Learning from Vernacular Architecture, Editors: Mariana R. Correia, Paulo B. Lourenço, Humberto Varum, edited by Mariana R. Correia, Paulo B. Lourenço, and Humberto Varum Varum, 3–9. CRC Press – Taylor and Francis.
Güçhan, Neriman Şahin. 2018. ‘History and Characteristics of Construction Techniques Used in Traditional Timber Ottoman Houses’. International Journal of Architectural Heritage 12 (1): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2017.1336811.
Hariyanto, Agus D., Sugeng Triyadi, and Andry Widyowijatnoko. 2020. ‘Teknik Tradisional Pada Struktur Rumah Panggung Di Kabupaten Bima Untuk Ketahanan Terhadap Gempa’. RUANG: Jurnal Lingkungan Binaan (SPACE: Journal of the Built Environment) 7 (1).
Hariyanto, Agus D, Sugeng Triyadi, and Andry Widyowijatnoko. 2022. ‘A Simple Stilt Structure Technique for Earthquake Resistance of Wooden Vernacular Houses in Bima , Sumbawa Island , Indonesia’ 12 (4): 1491–97.
Hărmănescu, MIhaela, and Cristina Enache. 2016. ‘Vernacular and Technology . InBetween .’ Procedia Environmental Sciences 32: 412–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2016.03.047.
Horie, Toru, and Shinya Kaneko. 2017. ‘Arrangement and Terminology of the Main Structural Members of the Understructure in Japanese and British Vernacular Houses: Comparative Studies in the Terminology of Traditional Timber Construction Part 2’. Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 82 (740). https://doi.org/10.3130/aija.82.2553.
Kemp, A. R. 2004. ‘Use of Pin-Jointed Structures in Teaching Frame Analysis’. Engineering Structures 26 (7): 883–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.02.007.
Kim, Yeong Min. 2020. ‘Structural Analysis and Conceptual Seismic Design of Large-Span Korean Traditional Timber Structure’. Civil Engineering and Architecture 8 (2). https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2020.080213.
Lang, Dominik H., Amit Kumar, Sulaymon Sulaymanov, and Abdelghani Meslem. 2018. ‘Building Typology Classification and Earthquake Vulnerability Scale of Central and South Asian Building Stock’. Journal of Building Engineering 15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2017.11.022.
Lucas, Ray. 2016. Research Methods for Architecture. Laurence King Publishing.
Lumantarna, Benjamin, and Pamuda Pudjisuryadi. 2012. ‘Learning from Local Wisdom : Friction Damper in Traditional Building’. Civil Engineering Dimension 14 (3): 190–95. https://doi.org/10.9744/CED.14.3.190-195.
Maer, Bisatya W., and Pamuda Pudjisuryadi. 2015. ‘Sante-Fuse as an Earthquake Damper for Pendopo Joglo’. Dimensi - Journal of Architecture and Built Environment 42 (1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.9744/dimensi.42.1.1-8.
Manthani, Khairat, and Muhammad Fauzan. 2019. ‘Desain Dan Analisis Struktur Bangunan Adat Sumatera Barat Terhadap Ketahanan Gempa’. Jurnal Teknik Sipil Dan Lingkungan 4 (1): 25–36. https://doi.org/10.29244/jsil.4.1.25-36.
Neuman, W. Lawrence. 2014. Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Teaching Sociology. Seventh Ed. Pearson Education Limited. https://doi.org/10.2307/3211488.
Okubo, Takeyuki. 2016. ‘Traditional Wisdom for Disaster Mitigation in History of Japanese Architectures and Historic Cities’. Journal of Cultural Heritage 20 (July): 715–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2016.03.014.
Oliver, Paul. 1997. Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World. Volume 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ortega, Javier, G. Vasconcelos, and M. R. Correia. 2015. ‘Seismic-Resistant Building Practices Resulting from Local Seismic Culture’. In Seismic Retrofitting: Learning from Vernacular Architecture, 17–22. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b18856.
Ortega, Javier, Graça Vasconcelos, and Mariana Correia. 2014. ‘An Overview of the Seismic Strengthening Techniques Traditionally Applied in Vernacular Architecture’. 9th International Masonry Conference, Guimarães, Portugal, 1–12.
Ortega, Javier, Graça Vasconcelos, Hugo Rodrigues, and Mariana Correia. 2018. ‘Assessment of the Efficiency of Traditional Earthquake Resistant Techniques for Vernacular Architecture’. Engineering Structures 173 (June): 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.06.101.
Ortega, Javier, Graça Vasconcelos, Hugo Rodrigues, Mariana Correia, and Paulo B. Lourenço. 2017. ‘Traditional Earthquake Resistant Techniques for Vernacular Architecture and Local Seismic Cultures: A Literature Review’. Journal of Cultural Heritage 27: 181–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2017.02.015.
Paudel, Sundar, Norihisa Shima, and Toshinobu Fujii. 2018. ‘Development of Earthquake Resilient Housing in Nepal by Development of Earthwuake Introducing Japanese’. AIJ Journal of Technology and Design. https://doi.org/10.3130/aijt.24.751.
Pranata, Yosafat Aji, and Kevin Mariano William. 2013. ‘Sistem Base Isolation Pada Rumah Kayu Tradisional Ammu Hawu, Pulau Sabu, Nusa Tenggara Timur’. In Seminar Nasional SCAN#4:"Stone, Steel, and Straw" Building Materials and Sustainable Environment, 101–8.
Prihatmaji, Yulianto, Akihisa Kitamori, and Kohei Komatsu. 2015. ‘Seismic Vulnerability on Structural Proportion of Traditional Javanese Wooden Houses (Joglo)’. Procedia Environmental Sciences 28 (SustaiN 2014): 804–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.095.
Santoso, C B, and D S Agustawijaya. 2020. ‘Seismic Risk for Sumbawa Island Based on Seismicity and Peak Ground Acceleration’. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 413 (1): 012009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/413/1/012009.
Triyadi, S., I. Sudradjat, and A. Harapan. 2009. ‘Vernacular Houses Typology and Its Respond to The Earthquake Case Study: Duku Ulu Village, Bengkulu, Indonesia’. Asian Transactions on Engineering 01 (02).
Triyadi, Sugeng, and Andi Harapan. 2011. ‘Lesson Learnt from Vernacular Houses of Rurukan and Tonsealama at Minahasa to Cope the Earthquake’. Asian Transactions on Science & Technology 1 (5): 14–21.