Multi-sensory in the conception of place in an urban cultural heritage environment
Main Article Content
Abstract
Individuals' multi-sensory experiences play an essential role in understanding a place of cultural significance. Understanding urban area/environment in the conception of a place is not limited to physical aspects alone. This understanding contradicts to the common paradigm in cultural heritage conservation, which is still limited to improving physical quality based on visual senses. This study aims to discuss the role and potential of multi-sensory in understanding the concept of place, which is beneficial to the conservation of urban heritage areas. This study employs the content analysis method with data from library studies and field observations of cultural heritage areas in and around Gedung Sate, Bandung. The results demonstrate that multi-sensory perception plays a pivotal role and has the potential to facilitate the process of reading and understanding its sense of place. This discussion opened a new discourse to integrate non-physical aspects based on subject perceptions in discussions on urban heritage areas.
Downloads
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Agapito, Dora, Júlio Mendes, and Patrícia Valle. 2013. “Exploring the Conceptualization of the Sensory Dimension of Tourist Experiences.” Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 2 (2): 62–73. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2013.03.001.
Agapito, Dora, Patrícia Pinto, and Júlio Mendes. 2017. “Tourists’ Memories, Sensory Impressions and Loyalty: In Loco and Post-Visit Study in Southwest Portugal.” Tourism Management 58: 108–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.10.015.
Amin, Hanaw M. Taqi M., and Emmanuel Akwasi Adu-Ampong. 2016. “Challenges to Urban Heritage Conservation and Management in the Historic Centre of Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan-Iraq.” Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 6 (3).
Andreu, Margarita Díaz. 2017. “Heritage Values and the Public.” Journal of Community Archaeology and Heritage 4 (1): 2–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/20518196.2016.1228213.
Ba, Meihui, and Jian Kang. 2019. “A Laboratory Study of the Sound-Odour Interaction in Urban Environments.” Building and Environment 147 (January 2019): 314–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.10.019.
Batchelor, David, Marc Aurel Schnabel, and Michael Dudding. 2021. “Smart Heritage: Defining the Discourse.” Heritage 4 (2): 1005–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage4020055.
Bentley, Ian, Alan Alcock, Paul Murrain, Sue McGlynn, and Graham Smith. 1985. Responsive Environments. A Manual for Designers. Architectural Press An Imprint of Elsevier. Vol. 15. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-2046(88)90064-3.
Boudiaf, Bouzid. 2016. “A Balance between Commercial Development , Tourism Requirements And Historic Preservation .” International Journal of Engineering Research and Development 12 (6): 1–21.
———. 2019. “Tourism and The Heritage Conservation of The Historical Areas.” https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336917424.
Bruce, Neil, Jenna Condie, Victoria Henshaw, and Sarah R. Payne. 2015. “Analysing Olfactory and Auditory Sensescapes in English Cities: Sensory Expectation and Urban Environmental Perception.” Ambiances: Environnement Sensible, Architecture et Espace Urbain. https://doi.org/10.4000/ambiances.560.
Buzova, Daniela, Silvia Sanz-Blas, and Amparo Cervera-Taulet. 2021. “‘Sensing’ the Destination: Development of the Destination Sensescape Index.” Tourism Management 87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104362.
Canter, David. 1983. “The Purposive Evaluation of Places: A Facet Approach.” Environment and Behavior 15 (6): 659–98. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916583156001.
Carmona, Mathew, Steven Tiesdell, Tim Heath, and Tanner Oc. 2010. Public Place Urban Space. Second. Oxford UK: Architectural Press is an Imprint of Elsevier.
Chen, Zhaoyu, Wantanee Suntikul, and Brian King. 2020. “Constructing an Intangible Cultural Heritage Experiencescape: The Case of the Feast of the Drunken Dragon (Macau).” Tourism Management Perspectives 34. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100659.
Chung, Seung-jin. 2016. “East Asian Values in Historic Conservation East Asian Values in Historic.” Journal of Architectural Conservation 11 (1): 55–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2005.10784935.
Chung, Thomas. 2009. “Valuing Heritage in Macau: On Contexts and Processes of Urban Conservation.” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 38 (1): 129–60. https://doi.org/10.1177/186810260903800107.
Dameria, Christin, Roos Akbar, Petrus Natalivan Indradjati, and Dewi Sawitri Tjokropandojo. 2020. “A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Sense of Place Dimensions in the Heritage Context.” Journal of Regional and City Planning 31 (2): 139–63. https://doi.org/10.5614/jpwk.2020.31.2.3.
Davis, Lauren, and Lucienne Thys Şenocak. 2017. “Heritage and Scent: Research and Exhibition of Istanbul’s Changing Smellscapes.” International Journal of Heritage Studies 23 (8): 723–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2017.1317646.
Gao, Jun, Shiting (Sonia) Lin, and Chaozhi Zhang. 2020. “Authenticity, Involvement, and Nostalgia: Understanding Visitor Satisfaction with an Adaptive Reuse Heritage Site in Urban China.” Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 15: 100404. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.100404.
Gutschow, Niels, and Katharina Weiler. 2017. Authenticity in Architectural Heritage Conservation. Edited by Katharina Weiler and Niels Gutschow. Springer Cham. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-30523-3#toc.
He, Mei, Yiyang Wang, William J Wang, and Zhong Xie. 2022. “Therapeutic Plant Landscape Design of Urban Forest Parks Based on the Five Senses Theory: A Case Study of Stanley Park in Canada.” International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks 10 (1): 97–112. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgeop.2022.02.004.
Hidalgo, M. Carmen, and Bernardo Hernández. 2001. “Place Attachment: Conceptual and Empirical Questions.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 21 (3): 273–81. https://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.2001.0221.
Hmood, Kabila Faris. 2019. Introductory Chapter: Heritage Conservation - Rehabilitation of Architectural and Urban Heritage. Introductory Chapter: Heritage Conservation - Rehabilitation of Architectural and Urban. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86670.
Irwin, Brian. 2019. “Abstract City: The Phenomenological Basis for the Failures of Modernist Urban Design.” Journal of Aesthetics and Phenomenology 6 (1): 41–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/20539320.2019.1587963.
Jarecka, Ewa, and Bidzińska. 2021. “Hybrid Methodology of Multi-Sensory Research of Public Space in Urban Planning.” Budownictwo i Architektura 20 (2): 95–115. https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2198.
Jerpåsen, Gro Bjørnstad, and Mari Sundli Tveit. 2014. “Safeguarding Cultural Heritage in the Urban Fringe: The Role of Legibility.” Landscape Research 39 (4): 433–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2013.829808.
Jigyasu, Rohit. 1998. “Issues and Challenges on Risk Preparedness for Cultural Heritage Cultural.” Risk Preparedness for Cultural Heritage”-Scope, Features and Challenges, Representing ICCROM. India.
Kubontubuh, Catrini Pratihari. 2021. “Model Konseptual Pelestarian Berbasis Kawasan Bagi Cagar Budaya Tak Utuh, Studi Kasus: Kawasan Ibu Kota Majapahit Di Trowulan, Jawa Timur.” Itb. itb.
Kwanda, Timoticin. 2009. “Western Conservation Theory and the Asian Context: The Different Roots of Conservation.” International Conference on Heritage in Asia: Converging Forces and Conflicting Values, no. January: 1–18.
Logan, William S. et al. 2002. The Disappearing Asian City : Protecting Asia’s Heritage in a Globalizing World / Edited by William S. Logan. Oxford: Oxford Uni-versity Press.
Lotfabadi, Pooya. 2013. “The Impact of City Spaces and Identity in the Residents ’ Behavior.” Humanities and Social Sciences Review 2 (3): 589–601.
Lv, Xingyang, Chunxiao (Spring) Li, and Scott McCabe. 2020. “Expanding Theory of Tourists’ Destination Loyalty: The Role of Sensory Impressions.” Tourism Management 77 (October 2019): 104026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104026.
Lynch, Kevin. 1960. The Image of the City. Cambride, Massachusetts USA: The Technology Press & Harvard University Press.
———. 1976. Managing the Sense of a Region. London: The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England.
MacInnis, Deborah J., and Linda L. Price. 1987. “The Role of Imagery in Information Processing: Review and Extensions.” Journal of Consumer Research 13 (4): 473. https://doi.org/10.1086/209082.
Malva, Francesca La, Valerio R M Lo Verso, and Arianna Astolfi. 2015. “Livingscape: A Multi-Sensory Approach to Improve the Quality of Urban Spaces.” Energy Procedia 78: 37–42. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.111.
Marto, Anabela, Miguel Melo, Alexandrino Goncalves, and Maximino Bessa. 2020. “Multisensory Augmented Reality in Cultural Heritage: Impact of Different Stimuli on Presence, Enjoyment, Knowledge and Value of the Experience.” IEEE Access 8: 193744–56. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3032379.
Martokusumo, Widjaja. 2011. “The Notion of Authenticity Revisited a Search for Urban Heritage Conservation Approach.” Jurnal Tataloka 13 (3): 181–89.
———. 2015. “Orasi Ilmiah Guru Besar: Arsitektur Dan Pelestarian Menuju Pengelolaan Berkelanjutan Bangunan Dan Lingkungan Cagar Budaya.” Bandung, Indonesia.
Martokusumo, Widjaja, Heru W Poerbo, Joko Sarwono, Anugrah S. Sudarsono, Ni Putu Amanda Nitidara, Michael Isnaeni Djimantoro, Amanda Arifiana, and Feysa A. Poetry. 2019. “Soundcsape and the Understanding of Historic Districts in Bandung.” Tataloka 21 (2): 371. https://doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.21.2.371-380.
Montgomery, J. 1998. “Making a City: Urbanity, Vitality and Urban Design.” Journal of Urban Design 3 (1): 93–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809808724418.
Nasser, Noha. 2003. “Planning for Urban Heritage Places: Reconciling Conservation, Tourism, and Sustainable Development.” Journal of Planning Literature 17 (4): 467–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885412203017004001.
Nitidara, Ni Putu Amanda, Anugrah Sabdono Sudarsono, Ranti Dwi Tassia, Joko Sarwono, and F. X.Nugroho Soelami. 2019. “The Human Perception Based on Memory Recall of the Multi-Sensory Stimuli in Outdoor Urban Space.” Proceedings of the International Congress on Acoustics 2019: 7940–45. https://doi.org/10.18154/RWTH-CONV-239883.
Orbasli, Aylin. 2000. Tourists in Historic Towns, Urban Conservation and Heritage Management. Tourists in Historic Towns. E & FN SPON. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203479001.
Ouf, Salah. 2001. “Authenticity and the Sense of Place in Urban Design.” Journal of Urban Design 6 (1): 73–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574800120032914.
Pallasmaa, Juhani. 2005. “Presentation of the Honorary Guest by Per Olaf Fjeld: Touching the World - Architecture , Hapticity and the Emancipation of the Eye.” Helsinki, Finland: Helsinki University of Technology, School of Architecture.
———. 2014. “Space, Place and Atmosphere. Emotion and Peripheral Perception in Architectural Experience.” Lebenswelt Aesthetics and Philosophy of Experience, 230–45. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.13130/2240-9599/4202.
Pickard, Robert. 2002. “Area-Based Protection Mechanisms for Heritage Conservation: A European Comparison.” Journal of Architectural Conservation 8 (2): 69–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2002.10785320.
Pietro, Laura Di, Roberta Guglielmetti Mugion, Giovanni Mattia, and Maria Francesca Renzi. 2015. “Cultural Heritage and Consumer Behaviour: A Survey on Italian Cultural Visitors.” Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 5 (1): 61–81. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCHMSD-03-2013-0009.
Piga, Barbara, and Eugenio Morello. 2015. “Environmental Design Studies on Perception and Simulation: An Urban Design Approach.” Ambiances: Environnement Sensible, Architecture et Espace Urbain 1. https://doi.org/10.4000/ambiances.647.
Poerbo, Heru W, Widjaja Mertokusumo, Joko Sarwono, and Anugrah Sabdono Sudarsono. 2018. “Sight and Sound in Designing the Urban Space.” In The 4th Biennale International Conference on Indonesian Architecture and Planning, 745–51. Yogyakarta: Department of Architecture and Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University.
Ponty, Murice Merleau. 2002. Phenomenology of Perception. New York, USA: Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s.
Rahardjo, Supratikno. 2013. “Beberapa Permasalahan Pelestarian Kawasan Cagar Budaya Dan Strategi Solusinya.” Jurnal Konservasi Cagar Budaya 7 (2): 4–17. https://doi.org/10.33374/jurnalkonservasicagarbudaya.v7i2.109.
Relph, Edward. 1976. Place and Placelessness. London, UK: Pion Ltd.
Reyes, L Pizarro, V Díaz Lazcano, A. Zumelzu, and A. J. Prieto. 2022. “Resilience and Sustainability Assessment of Cultural Heritage and Built Environment: The Libertad Pedestrian Walkway in Valdivia, Chile.” Journal of Cultural Heritage 53: 154–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2021.11.013.
Samadi, Javad, Dariush Sattarzadeh, and Lida Balilan Asl. 2020. “Qualitative Assessment of the Sensory Dimensions of Space in Historical Bazaars from the Users’ Point of View (Case Study: Qazvin Bazaar).” Bagh-e Nazar 16 (81): 15–30. https://doi.org/10.22034/bagh.2019.168924.3972.
Shahhosseini, Habib, Mustafa Kamal, Suhardi Maulan, Ali Rashidi, and Farnaz Dibazar. 2013. “Influence of Non-Visual Factors on Visual Preferences of Visitors to Small Urban Parks in Tabriz, Iran.” In International Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Sustainable Urban Development.
Smith, Laurajane. 2006. Uses of Heritage. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203602263.
Smith, Laurajane, and Emma Waterton. 2008. “‘The Envy of the World?’: Intangible Heritage in England.” In Intangible Heritage, 289–302. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203884973.
Spence, Charles. 2020. “Senses of Place: Architectural Design for the Multisensory Mind.” Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 5 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-020-00243-4.
Tawab, Ayman G. Abdel. 2012. “Area-Based Conservation: The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Egyptian Emerging Experience in Area-Based Conservation.” Alexandria Engineering Journal 51 (2): 137–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2012.04.001.
Taylor, Ken, and Jane L. Lennon. 2012. Managing Cultural Landscapes. Routledge. 1st ed. Ney York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203128190.
Torre, Marta de la. 2002. Assessing the Values of Cultural Heritage : Research Report The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles. The J. Paul Getty Trust. Vol. 50. https://doi.org/10.2979/aft.2003.50.2.66.
Tuan, Yi Fu. 1977. Space and Place: Humanistic Perspective. Minneapolis, USA: University of Minnesota Press.
UNESCO. 1972. “United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural Adopted by the General Conference at Its Seventeenth Session.”
———. 2003. “Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage 2003.” Sixth Session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0940739105050277.
———. 2009. Hoi An Protocols for Best Conservation Protocols in Asia. Bangkok. Thailand.
Vasilikou, Carolina. 2019. “Multi-Sensory Navigation in a Heritage City: Walking Atmospheres of Community Well-Being in Canterbury.” Journal of Biourbanism VII (1): 13–24.
Walter, Nigel. 2020. Narrative Theory in Conservation. Narrative Theory in Conservation. New York: Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429427183.
Wells, Jeremy C. 2010. “Valuing Historic Places: Traditional and Contemporary Approaches.” In School of Architecture, Art, and Historic Preservation, 1–15.
Zube, Ervin H., and Gary T Moore. 1991. Advances in Environment, Behavior, and Design. Vol. 3. Plenum Press, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5814-5.