The signs and symbolic markers of sacral orientation in Mosque architecture
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Published:
Aug 1, 2021
Keywords:
Marker, Mosque, Orientation, Sacred, Sign
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Abstract
Mosques as a religious building for the Moslem Community have two orientations and they include the Qibla as the main and direction of the sky as the secondary. Praying is the main element of worship for Moslems and is recommended to be led towards the Qibla or upward direction. The mosque has been discovered not to have a sacred space but Qibla, mihrab, and Qibla marker walls are considered sacred. These sacred orientation signs and markers have been used and developed since the beginning but their existence and understanding have been eroded due to the influence of locals as well as development. Currently, the majority of the mosques in Indonesia have a centralized and strong orientation towards the upper direction when they are expected to have the main orientation in the form of Qibla direction. This study was, therefore, conducted to examine the anatomy of these mosques using semiotic theory by comparing the two mosques with several signs and markers of sacred orientation in the country. The results showed there are new signs and markers but the old ones are still significant in the mosques in the present time.
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How to Cite
Adiputra, Muhammad Rusdi, and Purnama Salura. 2021. “The Signs and Symbolic Markers of Sacral Orientation in Mosque Architecture”. ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 6 (2), 157-64. https://doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v6i2.360.
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ARTICLES-RESEARCH
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Salura, Purnama, and Bachtiar Fauzy. 2012. ‘The Ever-Rotating Aspects of Function-Form-Meaning in Architecture’. International Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research.
Sidharta Muljadinata, Albertus, Antariksa, and Purnama Salura. 2018. ‘The Role of Localities in Karsten’s Works in Architecture and City of Semarang’. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 126 (March): 012007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/126/1/012007.
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Tin, Prisma. 2018. ‘Mengenal Masjid Agung At Tin’. Instagram. 2018. https://www.instagram.com/p/BroNHjAlofU/.
Al-Asad, Mohammad. 1994. ‘Applications of Geometry’. In The Mosque: History, Architectural Development and Regional Diversity, edited by Martin Frisman and Hasan-Uddin Khan, 55. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd.
Al-Asad, Mohammad, Mohammad Arkoun, Antonio Fernandez-Pueertas, Martin Frisman, Oleg Grabar, Perween Hasan, and Mark Horton. 1994. The Mosque: History, Architectural Development & Region Diversity. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd.
Alexandrin, E. R. 2010. ‘Cosmology and Architecture in Premodern Islam: An Architectural Reading of Mystical Ideas’. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 30 (1): 153–55. https://doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-2009-064.
Ashadi, Antariksa, and Purnama Salura. 2015. ‘Syncretism in Architectural Forms of Demak Grand Mosque’. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences 5 (11): 26–30.
Awlia, Tasya. 2019. ‘5 Fakta Masjid Al-Safar Rancangan Ridwan Kamil’. Detik.Com. 2019. https://travel.detik.com/domestic-destination/d-4803771/5-fakta-masjid-al-safar-rancangan-ridwan-kamil.
Barthes, Roland. 1964. Elements of Semiology. New York City: Hill and Wang. https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/fr/barthes.htm.
Ching, Francis D. K. 2000. Arsitektur : Bentuk, Ruang, Dan Tatanan. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Frishman, Martin. 1994. ‘The Mosque as an Expression of Islam’. In The Mosque: History, Rchitectural Development and Regional Diversity, edited by Martin Frishman, 35. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd.
Grube, Ernst J., James Dickie, Oleg Grabar, Eleanor Sims, Ronald Lewcock, Dalu Jones, and Guy T. Petherbridge. 1991. Architecture of The Islamic World; It’s History and Social Meaning. Edited by George Michell. Second. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd.
Hoopes, James, ed. 1991. Peirce on Signs: Writings on Semiotic by Charles Sanders Peirce. United States: University of North Carolina Press.
Jamaludin, J., and Purnama Salura. 2018. ‘Understanding the Meaning of Triangular Shape in Mosque Architecture in Indonesia’. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7 (4.7): 458. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.7.27359.
Kahera, Akel. 2009. Design Criteria for Mosques and Islamic Centres. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780080940786.
Loos, Adolf. 1997. Ornament and Crime: Selected Essays. Edited by Adolf Opel. Translatio. Austrian: Ariadne Press.
M. Thackston, Wheeler. 1994. ‘The Role of Calligraphy’. In The Mosque: History, Architectural Development and Regional Diversity, edited by Martin Froshman and Hasan-Uddin Khan, 43–54. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd.
Mangunwijaya, Y. B. 2009. Wastu Citra: Pengantar Ke Ilmu Budaya Bentuk Arsitektur, Sendi-Sendi Filsafatnya, Beserta Contoh-Contoh Praktis. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Maulida, R, N M Siahaan, and I F Pane. 2020. ‘Eclecticism on the Masjid Building (Case Study: Baiturrahman Great Masjid, Banda Aceh City)’. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 452 (May): 012006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/452/1/012006.
Mintaredja, Roza Rahmadjasa, Purnama Salura, and Bachtiar Fauzy. 2021. ‘The Meaning of the Relationship between Bale Nyungcung Roof and Inner Room in Architectural Design of Mosques at Sunda Tatar’. ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 6 (1): 25–34. https://doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v6i1.538.
Mutmainnah, Mutmainnah. 2017. ‘Kiblat Dan Kakbah Dalam Sejarah Perkembangan Fikih’. Ulumuddin : Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 7 (1): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.47200/ulumuddin.v7i1.180.
Napitupulu, D, R Rahim, D Abdullah, MI Setiawan, LA Abdillah, AS Ahmar, J Simarmata, R Hidayat, H Nurdiyanto, and A Pranolo. 2018. ‘Analysis of Student Satisfaction Toward Quality of Service Facility’. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 954 (January): 012019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/954/1/012019.
Norberg Schulz, Christian. 1965. Intentions in Architecture. The MIT Press. United States: The MIT Press.
Paramitha, Nadya Wicitra, and Purnama Salura. 2020. ‘Relasi Antara Sakralitas Ritual Peribadatan Berjamaah Dengan Konfigurasi Spasial Arsitektur Masjid Sulthoni Plosokuning’. ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 5 (2). https://doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v5i2.103.
Salura, Purnama. 2018. ‘Anatomy of Architecture Based on the Creation of Space for Activity’. International Journal of Engineering and Technology(UAE) 7 (2.14): 205–7. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.12.14675.
Salura, Purnama, and Bachtiar Fauzy. 2012. ‘The Ever-Rotating Aspects of Function-Form-Meaning in Architecture’. International Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research.
Sidharta Muljadinata, Albertus, Antariksa, and Purnama Salura. 2018. ‘The Role of Localities in Karsten’s Works in Architecture and City of Semarang’. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 126 (March): 012007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/126/1/012007.
Siswayanti, Novita. 2016. ‘Akulturasi Budaya Pada Arsitektur Masjid Sunan Giri’. Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan 14 (2): 299. https://doi.org/10.31291/jlk.v14i2.503.
Tin, Prisma. 2018. ‘Mengenal Masjid Agung At Tin’. Instagram. 2018. https://www.instagram.com/p/BroNHjAlofU/.