ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur

A modified technique to predict speech privacy and distraction distances in open-plan offices

2023-09-23T16:11:09+07:00

Open-plan offices have become widely adopted in various industries as a workplace environment. However, this office layout type suffers from speech privacy, which can be represented by the acoustic parameter known as the Speech Transmission Index (STI). ISO 3382-3:2012 provides guidelines for calculating the acoustic parameters of a room tailored explicitly for open-plan offices. However, the existing method in ISO 3382-3:2012 requires a parallel layout of workstations to determine the STI value, which is hardly found in modern office settings. This study presents a technique to predict the ideal values of rP and rD, based on the relationship between %Alcons and the Speech Transmission Index (STI) for a specific workstation, using linear regression and in-situ measurements. The analysis of acoustic conditions in an open-plan office reveals that modified techniques can predict the acoustic quality in a modern office layout. The D2, S values indicate good acoustic quality, but the Lp, A, S,4m values do not meet the required standard. Using %Alcons equations, the study shows how to predict distraction distances and categorize workstations as 'Distracted' or 'Not distracted'. The results indicate only a small percentage of workstations allow for private communication.

Transit-oriented development using water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) approach

2023-09-23T16:10:54+07:00

The Tegalluar and Gedebage areas in Rancanumpang Village have been identified as potential transit-oriented development (TOD) sites. However, these areas face challenges due to their low elevation, which leads to ground level reductions and seasonal flooding. To address these issues, it is crucial to incorporate a water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) approach into the development of an interconnected and integrated transit-oriented area. Therefore, this study aims to propose an alternative design for the Tegalluar transit-oriented area, focusing on factors such as density, diversity, design, destination accessibility, distance to transit, and environmental considerations. A fragmental method was applied at different stages of the design and this led to the development of an alternative conceptual design simulation for the transit-oriented area based on the desired factors.

Behaviour patterns of Muslim congregants during the Covid-19 Pandemic at the great Mosque of Al-Ukhuwwah-Bandung, West Java

2023-09-23T16:10:39+07:00

During the pandemic in early 2022, some Muslim congregants chose to close ranks while others kept their distance during prayers and non-ritual activities. Therefore, the aim of this research is to determine the behavior patterns of congregants during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically at the Great Mosque of Al-Ukhuwwah-Bandung in West Java. The method used involves (1) mapping techniques to observe the congregants' behavior, (2) distributing questionnaires to validate their comfort level with interpersonal space and adherence to health protocols, (3) analyzing the questionnaire results, and (4) drawing conclusions based on the observed behavior patterns and questionnaire analysis results. The research shows that during the Omicron period, the congregants tended to revert to their pre-pandemic behavior patterns, with intimate and personal distance being dominant during ritual and non-ritual activities, respectively. However, the questionnaire results suggest that congregants still adhere to social distancing protocols during activities in the mosque, despite implementing health protocols.

Spatial configuration by rules: an experimental parametric shape rules by shape grammar method

2023-09-23T16:10:24+07:00

This study investigated the method of Shape Grammar to develop a computational technique to generate spatial configuration at the early stage of the design process. In synthesizing the spatial configuration and its variants, the user (i.e., architect) can use this tool as a heuristic way to select and choose a spatial configuration of geometric shapes to represent functional requirements and their relationships. We studied the example of Adolf Loos's residential works as our basis for the parametric shape rules and the tool developed in the form of a modular cluster component in the Visual Programming Language Grasshopper in a Rhinoceros 3D modeling software. This cluster component, termed "Rupa," is parametrically modeled and consists of two main algorithms: 1) two-dimensional and three-dimensional rules-based shape generation and 2) the transformation rules of translation, rotation, reflection, dilatation, and tension. Using this component, the user can create and transform a shape configuration by its parameters, constrained only by the characteristics of Adolf Loos's residential works design rules as the underlying principles behind the component. Although limited only to three of Loos's residential works, this experiment has successfully generated residential spatial configuration designs based on the constraint rules of Adolf Loos's residential works. The early results show the potential of this method and tool in aiding architects to create design variants and select those that are the most optimal.

Study of thermal comfort and CO2 concentration in air conditioned children's rooms during the Covid-19 Pandemic

2023-09-23T16:10:09+07:00

The government's implementation of online learning for students during the Covid-19 pandemic since March 2019 has impacted thermal comfort and CO₂ concentration in the rooms where children engage in activities at home. This study aims to investigate the thermal comfort and CO₂ concentration in air-conditioned children's rooms during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method was carried out through field measurements consisting of collecting external climate data, internal room data, and CO₂ concentration levels. Temperature, air humidity, and CO₂ concentration levels were recorded every minute for four days. In addition, surface temperatures of the floor, ceiling, and walls were recorded every 15 minutes between 06:00-18:00 Central Indonesia Time (CIT). The results showed that the average room air temperature was 26.2 °C, with the AC thermostat set at 26 °C. However, uneven air distribution was caused by the furniture arrangement that hindered uniform air distribution. CO₂ concentration levels increased above the normal limit when more than three people were in the room, especially at night. To quickly reduce CO2 levels to meet the standards, it is recommended to open windows or doors to facilitate air circulation.

The impact of vegetation and buildings density on flood and landslides in Wenang and Wanea Districts using normalized difference vegetation index and normalized difference built-up index

2023-09-23T16:09:54+07:00

Rapid urban development increase building density at the expense of vegetation. When urban areas become less green and more concrete, environmental problems such as floods and landslides are likely to occur. This study aimed to investigate the changes in vegetation and building density in Wenang and Wanea Districts over 8 years based on Landsat imagery using ArcGIS tools. Methods such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI) were used to analyze the impact of these effects on floods and landslides. From the results, vegetation density declined while building density increased over 8 years. These changes influenced floods and landslides based on the magnitude of vegetation and building indices. For instance, areas with higher building indices became more prone to flooding while those with higher vegetation indices were susceptible to landslides.

Formation of children's neighborhood spaces: Between everyday life and freedom

2023-09-23T16:09:38+07:00

Ideally, children interact in spaces that have been provided with physical conditions that are comfortable and safe for children. However, children can have the will to determine the interaction spaces they like. So it is necessary to find out how the children's neighborhood forms an interaction space and where their preferred position is. This study uses a qualitative method with a grounded theory approach located in one of the settlements in Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. The results of the study show that children in determining interaction spaces are motivated by everyday life which includes responsibilities, preferred activities, and gathering activities; as well as freedom which includes freedom to consume time and freedom to consume space. Preferred positions in interaction spaces are around the bandminton court and along the edge of the park. This research is useful for architects so they can design each side of the space as a possibility to become an interaction space that is in accordance with the thoughts and desires of children. This study is also useful to be able to increase the level of the children's neighborhood.

The effect of water and vegetation elements as microclimate modifiers in buildings in hot and humid tropical climates

2023-09-23T16:09:22+07:00

Thermal comfort in buildings is determined by several aspects of the climate, such as external and internal wind speeds. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the effect of water elements and vegetation as microclimate modifiers in buildings, to obtain thermal comfort through air velocity and flow analysis. In this context, the field analysis emphasized microclimate parameters. Two cases were also encompassed, namely the interior space of a residential building and a shopping center. By using field measurements with quantitative methods, data were obtained through the analysis of the PMV (thermal comfort index Predicted Mean Vote), PPD (Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied), and TSV (Thermal Sensation Vote). This experiment was conducted to determine the influential levels of the building water and vegetation on comfort and the thermal environment. Data analysis was also processed using a statistical approach, with airflow being simulated through CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) method. The results showed that the air movement occurring in the building to the comfort and thermal environment, through architectural elements, reduced the temperature and humidity in the room. This was due to the heat radiation outside the building, leading to an impact on the effective air temperature for the thermal sensation of visitors. In this case, the movement of air in the building with the placement of architectural elements, such as water, vegetation, and good ventilation, was important for various activities. These activities included the following, (1) providing positive value, (2) improving the quality of the indoor environment, (3) maintaining the stability of the thermal environment at the building scale, and (4) achieving a comfortable thermal sensation.

Multi-sensory in the conception of place in an urban cultural heritage environment

2023-09-23T16:09:06+07:00

Individuals' multi-sensory experiences play an essential role in understanding a place of cultural significance. Understanding urban area/environment in the conception of a place is not limited to physical aspects alone. This understanding contradicts to the common paradigm in cultural heritage conservation, which is still limited to improving physical quality based on visual senses. This study aims to discuss the role and potential of multi-sensory in understanding the concept of place, which is beneficial to the conservation of urban heritage areas. This study employs the content analysis method with data from library studies and field observations of cultural heritage areas in and around Gedung Sate, Bandung. The results demonstrate that multi-sensory perception plays a pivotal role and has the potential to facilitate the process of reading and understanding its sense of place. This discussion opened a new discourse to integrate non-physical aspects based on subject perceptions in discussions on urban heritage areas.

Soundproofing panel design from eggshell material and tea dregs

2023-09-23T16:08:52+07:00

Noise reduction in residential and other types of buildings in urban areas is becoming more important. However, the cost of sound-absorbing materials is still prohibitively expensive for some people. The objective of this study is to create alternative sound-dampening materials from composites made from household waste, specifically egg shells and tea waste. The hypothesis of this study is that because eggshell is a porous material and tea waste is a fibrous material, it has the ability to absorb sound. The sound absorption test was performed in accordance with ASTM E-1050-98, a standard for testing impedance and absorption with a digital frequency analysis system. The highest sound absorption coefficient of the egg shell composite was 0.97 at a frequency of 2392 Hz (NC 35), while the highest sound absorption coefficient of the tea waste composite was 0.592 at a frequency of 1960 Hz (NC 30). The results of the analysis show that both types of composites can be used as alternative sound absorbing materials in residential and similar types of buildings.

Parametric modeling practice for the first-year architecture students learning

2023-09-23T16:08:37+07:00

Parametric modelling has been regarded as a prospective skill both in architectural education and practice. It offers capabilities for designers to instantly generate numerous design options and create complex geometries, which can enhance the design creativity. Realizing its potential and capabilities, this study investigates how parametric modelling can be practiced in early architectural education for improving students’ creativity and design skill. The findings of this study are based on the observation of the parametric modelling workshop participated by 150 first-year architecture students in Indonesia. It is concluded that parametric modelling can be feasibly practiced by first-year students as a medium to enhance design creativity. Additionally, parametric modelling can improve students’ design intuition in some respects, that can smooth the design skill development in architectural learning. The lessons for the effective parametric design learning were also discussed in this study, including metaphorical thinking in parametric exploration, active communication between student and lecturer, and emphasis on the inspirational tool.

A study on the transformation and succession of a historical environment a case study in Cakranegara, Indonesia

2023-09-23T16:08:21+07:00

This study sought to clarify the transformation and succession of the historical environment of Cakranegara, a historical Indonesian city based on the following viewpoints: 1) transformation of building lots and their uses; 2) utilization of space on the streets; and 3) proposing appropriate indices to evaluate the historical environment of Cakranegara. The major findings were: 1) the transformation of the spatial structure of the city can be evaluated by analyzing the relationship between the change of building lots and their uses. The tendency of splitting or consolidating lots varies depending on land use type and location; however, almost half of the building lots have retained their original size; 2) the utilization of public space in Cakranegara can be analyzed and evaluated using seven categories of objects, three time scales, three types of ownership, and five categories of open space; 3) usage of Tagtagan, which is a space installed along both sides of a street, has transformed from a space for religious activities and planting trees to a space with multiple uses for daily living activities; and 4) public space is characterized by a dualistic spatial structure – space for commercial/transportation uses and space for residential uses – based on road hierarchies.

Dutch architectural learning process of the Dutch East Indies

2023-09-23T16:08:07+07:00

This research concentrates on the architectural process of Dutch architects in the Dutch East Indies, specifically Maclaine Pont, Thomas Karsten, and Wolff Schoemaker. The issue addressed by these three people is how they learned, particularly their reaction to the conditions and wealth of buildings in the Dutch East Indies, and what drove each of their architectures. This study employs a synchronic-diachronic analytic strategy as well as a historical interpretation strategy based on contextual evidence categories. It runs from 1900 to 1940. According to the study's findings, all three encounters through the same learning process, which includes the introduction phase, the exploration phase, and the architectural attitude phase. The architectural perspective was expressed at Maclaine Pont through the design of a tent structure system based on studies of Javanese pavilion roofs, whereas Karsten and Schoemaker referenced modern architecture. Karsten was fascinated by people's daily lives, whereas Schoemaker thought Frank Lloyd Wright's style was the most recent at the time.

Creating virtual architectural education in a traditional environment: Prospects and challenges

2023-09-23T16:07:51+07:00

The advent of computer technology has set off an information explosion that has changed civilization and indeed the entire workforce of today’s world. These changes presage a new context in which architecture schools must function. Traditionally, architectural education is basically between a group of persons; the teacher and the learner(s) in a defined classroom space. This mode of knowledge delivery makes the students to adopt a passive position (based on just listening to the teacher). This prevents the diversity of ideas, promotes repetitive learning and kills creativity. Virtual education on the other hand refers to instruction in a learning environment where teacher and student are separated by time or space, or both. In this knowledge delivery mode, students’ take responsibility of their learning process in an active way. Multimedia tools, electronic media like a discussion forum, chat room, voice mail, and e-mail are employed for communication. The benefits inherent in this type of learning process include sharing of resources and learning environment, promotion of collaborative learning, effective education delivery and educational programme enhancement. In this paper, the concept “virtual architectural education” is considered together with the inherent benefits for the architecture schools and profession.

The application and relevance of information and communication technology to architectural education

2023-09-23T16:07:34+07:00

The advancements in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in recent times have made the world to become a global village. This phenomenon has also resulted in global pursuit of improvement in quality of education with access to information and the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) becoming important indices for participating in the information age. In like manner, this rapid development in Information and Communication Technology and its applications has introduced new opportunities in architectural education. This paper focuses on the application and relevance of Information and Communication Technology to teaching and learning architecture in Nigeria as a means to squaring up with the global competitiveness in architectural education. It suggests the importance of developing expertise in these applications by architectural educators, so as to carry out and provide creative direction in teaching and learning of architecture. This can bring about improving students’ motivation for active, creative and explorative learning. It concludes with the need for architectural educators in Nigeria, to acquaint themselves with the methods and techniques of application of Information and Communication Technology to teaching and learning of architecture in order to become relevant in this age of globalization.