The effect of vertical gardens on temperature and CO2 levels in urban housing
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Published:
Dec 1, 2020
Keywords:
CO2 levels, Decrease in air temperature, Surface temperature, Vertical garden
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Abstract
The city's thermal environment plays an important role in achieving comfort and quality of life, especially during the current global pandemic. Meanwhile, reduction in the green areas has been observed to be continuously causing climate change in cities and one of the proposed solutions to this is by developing a greening system for buildings. This paper, therefore, assessed the ability of vertical garden to decrease air and surface temperatures as well as CO2 levels. The research involved field measurements of these parameters both inside and outside the building along with the modification of the vertical garden distance at 0.5 m and 1 m as well as the plant type including red spinach or amaranthus hybridus, mustard or brassica juncea, celery or apium graveolens linn, and cat's whiskers or orthosiphon spicatus. The results showed an average decrease of 0.75°C in air temperature, 16.4ºC in surface temperature, and 58.8 ppm in CO2 levels. Moreover, a maximum reduction of 6ºC was achieved in air temperature with red spinach plants at 0.5 m, 26.3ºC in surface temperature by the Rred spinach plant, and 124 ppm in CO2 levels by celery plants. In conclusion, a closer distance and darker color of the leaves as well as the red spinach species were found to be the main consideration in the application of vertical gardens in urban homes due to their ability to reduce the temperature on the limited land.
© 2020 Agung Murti Nugroho
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Nugroho, Agung Murti. 2020. “The Effect of Vertical Gardens on Temperature and CO2 Levels in Urban Housing”. ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 5 (3), 401-8. https://doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v5i3.551.
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ARTICLES-RESEARCH
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Charoenkit, Sasima, and Suthat Yiemwattana. 2016. ‘Living Walls and Their Contribution to Improved Thermal Comfort and Carbon Emission Reduction: A Review’. Building and Environment 105 (August): 82–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.05.031.
Cuce, Erdem. 2017. ‘Thermal Regulation Impact of Green Walls: An Experimental and Numerical Investigation’. Applied Energy 194 (May): 247–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.09.079.
Currie, Beth Anne, and Brad Bass. 2008. ‘Estimates of Air Pollution Mitigation with Green Plants and Green Roofs Using the UFORE Model’. Urban Ecosystems 11 (4): 409–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-008-0054-y.
Dover, John W. 2015. Green Infrastructure: Incorporating Plants and Enhancing Biodiversity in Buildings and Urban Environments. United Kingdom: Routledge.
Gratani, Loretta, Laura Varone, and Andrea Bonito. 2016. ‘Carbon Sequestration of Four Urban Parks in Rome’. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 19 (September): 184–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2016.07.007.
He, Yang, Hang Yu, Akihito Ozaki, Nannan Dong, and Shiling Zheng. 2017. ‘An Investigation on the Thermal and Energy Performance of Living Wall System in Shanghai Area’. Energy and Buildings 140 (April): 324–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.12.083.
Jim, C.Y. 2015. ‘Thermal Performance of Climber Greenwalls: Effects of Solar Irradiance and Orientation’. Applied Energy 154 (September): 631–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.05.077.
Lin HT. 2006. Green Architecture. Taipe, Taiwan: Chansbook Published.
Manso, Maria, and João Castro-Gomes. 2015. ‘Green Wall Systems: A Review of Their Characteristics’. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 41 (January): 863–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.203.
Medl, Alexandra, Rosemarie Stangl, and Florin Florineth. 2017. ‘Vertical Greening Systems – A Review on Recent Technologies and Research Advancement’. Building and Environment 125 (November): 227–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.08.054.
Purwanto, Leonardus Murialdo Fransiskus. 2019. ‘Simulasi Transfer Panas Pada Dinding Dengan Software Therm 7.7’. ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 4 (1): 111–16. https://doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v4i1.215.
Raji, Babak, Martin J. Tenpierik, and Andy van den Dobbelsteen. 2015. ‘The Impact of Greening Systems on Building Energy Performance: A Literature Review’. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 45 (May): 610–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.02.011.
Riley, Benjamin. 2017. ‘The State of the Art of Living Walls: Lessons Learned’. Building and Environment 114 (March): 219–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.12.016.
Seyam, Shaimaa. 2019. ‘The Impact of Greenery Systems on Building Energy: Systematic Review’. Journal of Building Engineering 26 (November): 100887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100887.
Tan, Chun Liang, Nyuk Hien Wong, and Steve Kardinal Jusuf. 2014. ‘Effects of Vertical Greenery on Mean Radiant Temperature in the Tropical Urban Environment’. Landscape and Urban Planning 127 (July): 52–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.04.005.
Tudiwer, David, and Azra Korjenic. 2017. ‘The Effect of Living Wall Systems on the Thermal Resistance of the Façade’. Energy and Buildings 135 (January): 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.11.023.
Wang, Chen, San-San Er, and Hamzah Abdul-Rahman. 2016. ‘Indoor Vertical Greenery System in Urban Tropics’. Indoor and Built Environment 25 (2): 340–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X14550508.
Widiastuti, Ratih, Wahyu Caesarendra, Eddy Prianto, and Wahyu Budi. 2018. ‘Study on the Leaves Densities as Parameter for Effectiveness of Energy Transfer on the Green Facade’. Buildings 8 (10): 138. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings8100138.
Wong, Irene, and Andrew N. Baldwin. 2016. ‘Investigating the Potential of Applying Vertical Green Walls to High-Rise Residential Buildings for Energy-Saving in Sub-Tropical Region’. Building and Environment 97 (February): 34–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.11.028.
Yang, Jun, Qian Yu, and Peng Gong. 2008. ‘Quantifying Air Pollution Removal by Green Roofs in Chicago’. Atmospheric Environment 42 (31): 7266–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.07.003.
Zaid, Suzaini Mohamed, Eeswari Perisamy, Hazreena Hussein, Nik Elyna Myeda, and Nurshuhada Zainon. 2018. ‘Vertical Greenery System in Urban Tropical Climate and Its Carbon Sequestration Potential: A Review’. Ecological Indicators 91 (August): 57–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.03.086.