Effects of built mass arrangement and morphology on external thermal comfort within subsidized dwellings

Wildan Muhammad Haikal; Nedyomukti Imam Syafii

doi:10.30822/arteks.v11i2.4575

Authors

Wildan Muhammad Haikal Universitas Gadjah Mada
Nedyomukti Imam Syafii Universitas Gadjah Mada

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v11i2.4575

Keywords:

Array, Array, Array, Array, Array

Abstract

Urbanization has resulted in a continuous escalation of land values and housing prices in urban regions, while the demand for residential units in cities persists in increasing. As a result, government-provided subsidized housing has become a crucial option for low-income communities. Nevertheless, these subsidized housing projects are frequently criticized for their insufficient construction quality. Growing concerns have emerged that such developments may unintentionally intensify global warming by elevating ambient temperatures within the residential environment. This study investigates how variations in building mass configuration and architectural form influence outdoor temperature as a passive design strategy to improve thermal conditions in subsidized housing areas. The analysis employs a hypothetical massing model of subsidized housing simulated using Rhinoceros, Grasshopper, and Ladybug. The results demonstrate that adjustments in building mass configuration and form are capable of lowering outdoor temperatures, although the impact remains relatively modest. Case Study 4B, which uses asphalt as the site’s surface material and represents the scenario with the most favorable UTCI values in both orientations, achieves a UTCI reduction of 1.8 °C for the West–East orientation and 1.6 °C for the North–South orientation when compared to the base case.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abd Elraouf, Reem, Ashraf Elmokadem, Naglaa Megahed, Osama Abo Eleinen, and Sara Eltarabily. 2022. “The Impact of Urban Geometry on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in a Hot-Humid Climate.” Building and Environment 225 (November):109632.

Abdollahzadeh, Nastaran, and Nimish Biloria. 2021. “Outdoor Thermal Comfort: Analyzing the Impact of Urban Configurations on the Thermal Performance of Street Canyons in the Humid Subtropical Climate of Sydney.” Frontiers of Architectural Research 10 (2): 394–409.

Acero, Juan A., Elliot J.Y. Koh, Lea A. Ruefenacht, and Leslie K. Norford. 2021. “Modelling the Influence of High-Rise Urban Geometry on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Singapore.” Urban Climate 36 (March):100775.

Achour-Younsi, Safa, and Fakher Kharrat. 2016. “Outdoor Thermal Comfort: Impact of the Geometry of an Urban Street Canyon in a Mediterranean Subtropical Climate – Case Study Tunis, Tunisia.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 216 (January):689–700.

Afif, Nabila, Agus Hariyadi, Nedyomukti Imam Syafii, and Esti Setyaning Jati. 2020. “Building Mass Reconfiguration as an Energy-Sensitive Design Strategy for Green Campus Implementation.”

Ahmadi, Sahar, Mansour Yeganeh, Mohammadreza Baradaran Motie, and Azin Gilandoust. 2022. “The Role of Neighborhood Morphology in Enhancing Thermal Comfort and Resident’s Satisfaction.” Energy Reports 8 (November):9046–56.

Badan Pusat Statistik. 2023. “Statistik Perumahan Dan Permukiman Tahun 2022.” 2023.

Bramantyo, Bramantyo, Wido Prananing Tyas, and Arvi Argyantoro. 2019. “Aspek Kualitas Rumah Subsidi Pada Program Rumah Murah Berdasarkan Perspektif Penerima Manfaat (Studi Kasus: Perumahan Subsidi Mutiara Hati Semarang).” Jurnal Permukiman 14 (1): 1. https://doi.org/10.31815/jp.2019.14.1-9.

Bröde, Peter, Dusan Fiala, Krzysztof Błażejczyk, Ingvar Holmér, Gerd Jendritzky, Bernhard Kampmann, Birger Tinz, and George Havenith. 2012. “Deriving the Operational Procedure for the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI).” International Journal of Biometeorology 56 (3): 481–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-011-0454-1.

Deng, Ji-Yu, and Nyuk Hien Wong. 2020. “Impact of Urban Canyon Geometries on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Central Business Districts.” Sustainable Cities and Society 53 (February):101966.

Ibrahim, Yasser, Tristan Kershaw, Paul Shepherd, and Ibrahim Elwy. 2021. “A Parametric Optimisation Study of Urban Geometry Design to Assess Outdoor Thermal Comfort.” Sustainable Cities and Society 75 (December):103352.

Ji, Yuchen, Jusheng Song, and Pengyuan Shen. 2022. “A Review of Studies and Modelling of Solar Radiation on Human Thermal Comfort in Outdoor Environment.” Building and Environment 214 (April):108891.

Kakon, A.N., and Nobuo Mishima. 2012. “The Effects of Building Form on Microclimate and Outdoor Thermal Comfort in a Tropical City.” Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 6 (11): 1492–1503.

KepmenPUPR. 2023. Keputusan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Dan Perumahan Rakyat Nomor 689/KPTS/M/2023 Tentang Batasan Luas Tanah, Luas Lantai, Dan Batasan Harga Jual Rumah Umum Tapak Dalam Pelaksanaan Kredit/Pembiayaan Perumahan Fasilitas Likuiditas Pembiayaan Perumahan, Serta Bes. Peraturan Mentri PUPR.

Krishna Bhakta, Gede, and Nedyomukti Imam Syafii. 2024. “Evaluating Thermal Comfort in Tropical Environments: A Parametric Study of Hypothetical Urban Morphology in Jakarta.” Arsir 8 (2): 225–38.

Lee, Ivan, James Voogt, and Terry Gillespie. 2018. “Analysis and Comparison of Shading Strategies to Increase Human Thermal Comfort in Urban Areas.” Atmosphere 9 (3): 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9030091.

Mohammad, Pir, Soheila Aghlmand, Ashkan Fadaei, Sadaf Gachkar, Darya Gachkar, and Alireza Karimi. 2021. “Evaluating the Role of the Albedo of Material and Vegetation Scenarios along the Urban Street Canyon for Improving Pedestrian Thermal Comfort Outdoors.” Urban Climate 40 (December):100993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100993.

Mousaeipour, Mozhgan, Haniyeh Sanaieian, Mohsen Faizi, Ainaz Alafchi, and S. M. Amin Hosseini. 2025. “Multi-Objective Optimization of Urban Block Configuration to Enhance Outdoor Thermal Comfort: A Case Study of District 12, Tehran.” Results in Engineering 27 (September):106012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.106012.

Mufida, Raihan, Adi Safyan, Sisca Olivia, Effan Fahrizal, and Yenny Novianti. 2022. “Pengaruh Orientasi Bangunan Terhadap Kenyamanan Termal, Studi Kasus: Komplek Perumahan Griya Putri Grand Panggoi II.” Journal Arsitektur Zonasi 5 (2): 361–68.

Muniz-Gäal, Lígia Parreira, Cláudia Cotrim Pezzuto, Marcius Fabius Henriques de Carvalho, and Lia Toledo Moreira Mota. 2020. “Urban Geometry and the Microclimate of Street Canyons in Tropical Climate.” Building and Environment 169 (February):106547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106547.

Prasetya, Andhika, Anh Dung Ho, and Tetsu Kubota. 2023. “Analysis of Typical Layout of Apartment Buildings in Indonesia.” Buildings 13 (6): 1387. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13061387.

Qaoud, Rami, Boumerzoug Adel, Bouthaina Sayad, Djamal Alkama, and Shady Attia. 2023. “Assessing the Influence of Neighborhood Urban Form on Outdoor Thermal Conditions in the Hot Dry City of Biskra, Algeria.” Ain Shams Engineering Journal 14 (11): 102525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2023.102525.

Retno, Deddy Purnomo, Elizar Elizar, Deprizon Syamsunur, and Tasya Rahmadani Putri. 2024. “Analisis Keberlanjutan Kinerja Energi Dan Air Pada Perumahan Bersubsidi Dengan Pendekatan Bangunan Hijau Di Kota Pekanbaru.” Siklus : Jurnal Teknik Sipil 10 (1): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.31849/siklus.v10i1.18839.

Riskillah, Richi Yulistia, Sisca Olivia, Atthaillah Atthaillah, Said Husain, and Eri Saputra. 2021. “Analisa Kenyamanan Termal Adaptif Pada Rumah Tinggal Tipe 36 Di Perumahan Ketaping Residence Padang Pariaman.” Arsitekno 8 (1): 17. https://doi.org/10.29103/arj.v8i1.3643.

Sabitha, Firsa Asha. 2022. “Analisis Pengaruh Tingkat Urbanisasi Terhadap Ketersediaan Lahan Lahan Permukiman Perumahan Di Kota Surabaya.” Jurnal Lemhannas RI 10 (1): 19–26. https://doi.org/10.55960/jlri.v10i1.268.

Schrijvers, P.J.C., H.J.J. Jonker, S.R. de Roode, and S. Kenjereš. 2016. “The Effect of Using a High-Albedo Material on the Universal Temperature Climate Index within a Street Canyon.” Urban Climate 17 (September):284–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2016.02.005.

Shareef, Sundus, and Bassam Abu-Hijleh. 2020. “The Effect of Building Height Diversity on Outdoor Microclimate Conditions in Hot Climate. A Case Study of Dubai-UAE.” Urban Climate 32 (June):100611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100611.

Soeranto, Akoro Dwityo, Pangihutan Marpaung, and Chandra R. P. Situmorang. 2020. Dinamika Pengembangan Perumahan Skala Besar. 1st ed. Jakarta: Kementerian PUPR.

Soewarno, Ali Amin. 2024. “Kinerja Lingkungan Rumah Subsidi Di Indonesia Studi Kasus Perumahan Kaba Residence Kendari.” Jurnal Ilmu Teknik 2 (1).

Srivanit, Manat, and Daranee Jareemit. 2020. “Modeling the Influences of Layouts of Residential Townhouses and Tree-Planting Patterns on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Bangkok Suburb.” Journal of Building Engineering 30 (July):101262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101262.

Sun, Rui, Junjie Liu, Dayi Lai, and Wei Liu. 2023. “Building Form and Outdoor Thermal Comfort: Inverse Design the Microclimate of Outdoor Space for a Kindergarten.” Energy and Buildings 284 (April):112824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.112824.

Thapa, Samar, Hom Bahadur Rijal, and Sheikh Ahmad Zaki. 2024. “District-Wise Evaluation of Meteorological Factors and Outdoor Thermal Comfort in India Using UTCI – Insight into Future Climatic Scenario.” Sustainable Cities and Society 116 (December):105840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105840.

Widya Wardani, Tri, Syahara Syahara, Windu Terkelin, Sri Shindi Indira, and Cut Nuraini. 2024. “Analisis Perbandingan Antara Perumahan Subsidi Dengan Perumahan Green Building.” JAUR (JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM RESEARCH) 8 (1): 121–28. https://doi.org/10.31289/jaur.v8i1.12572.

Yang, Senwen, Liangzhu (Leon) Wang, Ted Stathopoulos, and Ahmed Moustafa Marey. 2023. “Urban Microclimate and Its Impact on Built Environment – A Review.” Building and Environment 238 (June):110334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110334.

Zare, Sajad, Naser Hasheminejad, Hossein Elahi Shirvan, Rasoul Hemmatjo, Keyvan Sarebanzadeh, and Saeid Ahmadi. 2018. “Comparing Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) with Selected Thermal Indices/Environmental Parameters during 12 Months of the Year.” Weather and Climate Extremes 19 (March):49–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2018.01.004.

Zhang, Jiaolong, Zhen Li, Yaxi Wei, and Dan Hu. 2022. “The Impact of the Building Morphology on Microclimate and Thermal Comfort-a Case Study in Beijing.” Building and Environment 223 (September):109469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109469.

Zhu, Ruirui, Yibin Liu, Baowen Yan, Xiaotong Zhang, Liyun Yuan, Yefan Wang, and Yanting Pan. 2023. “Effects of District Parameters, Green Space and Building Density on Thermal Comfort- a Case Study of Badaguan District in Qingdao.” Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 42 (February):102705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2023.102705.