The adaptability of stilt houses roof structure in earthquake prone region in the context of local seismic culture

Agus Dwi Hariyanto; Sugeng Triyadi; Andry Widyowijatnoko

doi:10.30822/arteks.v8i1.2130

Penulis

Agus Dwi Hariyanto Department of Architecture, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning, Universitas Kristen Petra , Department of Architecture, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning, Universitas Kristen Petra https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6772-3834 (tidak diautentikasi)
Sugeng Triyadi Building Technology Research Group, School of Architecture, Planning, and Policy Development, Institut Teknologi Bandung , Building Technology Research Group, School of Architecture, Planning, and Policy Development, Institut Teknologi Bandung https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4223-2294 (tidak diautentikasi)
Andry Widyowijatnoko Building Technology Research Group, School of Architecture, Planning, and Policy Development, Institut Teknologi Bandung , Building Technology Research Group, School of Architecture, Planning, and Policy Development, Institut Teknologi Bandung https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0597-4600 (tidak diautentikasi)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v8i1.2130

Kata Kunci:

Adaptabilitas, Budaya seismik lokal, Rumah panggung, Sambungan kayu, Struktur atap

Abstrak

Kondisi lingkungan yang rawan gempa menuntut komunitas vernakular di Kabupaten Bima beradaptasi dengan melakukan ‘inovasi’ pada sistem struktur dan konstruksi rumah panggungnya. Struktur bagian bawah cenderung tetap, sedangkan pada bagian atas cenderung berubah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan identifikasi perbedaan jenis sambungan kayu antar elemen dan konstruksi rangka atap rumah panggung kayu di Desa Mbawa, Maria, Sambori, dan Kole, Kabupatan Bima dalam konteks adaptabilitasnya terhadap gempa. Pengamatan dan dokumentasi di lapangan dilakukan untuk pengumpulan data dan proses identifikasi. Hasil dokumentasi kemudian dianalisis untuk memastikan jenis sambungan antar elemen pada setiap bagian rangka atap. Secara umum ditemukan lima tipe konstruksi rangka atap yang masing-masing memiliki jenis sambungan kayu antar elemen yang terdiri dari join sendi (pin), kaku (rigid), dan join geser (friction). Keterpaduan antar join pada setiap bagian pada rangka atap dengan keunikan konstruksinya yang berkembang sampai saat ini telah terbukti mampu bertahan terhadap lingkungannya yang rawan gempa. Perubahan-perubahan dilakukan oleh masyarakat untuk meningkatkan adaptabilitas seismik uma panggu menunjukkan bahwa budaya seismik lokal masih berkembang di Kabupaten Bima.

Unduhan

Data unduhan tidak tersedia.

Referensi

Aktaş, Yasemin Didem. 2017. ‘Seismic Resistance of Traditional Timber-Frame Hımış Structures in Turkey: A Brief Overview’. International Wood Products Journal. Taylor and Francis Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2016.1273683.

BMKG. 2017. ‘Data BMKG: Kejadian Gempa 2015, 2016 Dan 2017 Di Pulau Sumbawa’. Bima.

BPS Kabupaten Bima. 2020a. Kabupaten Bima Dalam Angka 2020: Penyediaan Data Untuk Perencanaan Pembangunan.

———. 2020b. Kabupaten Bima Dalam Angka 2020.

Buchanan, Andy, and Daniel Moroder. 2017. ‘Log House Performance in the 2016 Kaikoura Earthquake’. Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 50 (2). https://doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.50.2.225-236.

Chand, Biswajit, Hemant B. Kaushik, and Sandip Das. 2019. ‘Lateral Load Behavior of Traditional Assam-Type Wooden House’. Journal of Structural Engineering 145 (8): 04019072. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002359.

———. 2020. ‘Lateral Load Behavior of Connections in Assam-Type Wooden Houses in the Himalayan Region of India’. Construction and Building Materials 261 (November). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119904.

Charleson, Andrew. 2008. Seismic Design for Architects: Outwitting the Quake. Elsevier Ltd.

Crayssac, Emile, Xiaobin Song, Yajie Wu, and Kai Li. 2018. ‘Lateral Performance of Mortise-Tenon Jointed Traditional Timber Frames with Wood Panel Infill’. Engineering Structures 161 (April): 223–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.02.022.

Creswell, John W. 2013. Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design: Choosing among Five Approaches. US: Sage Publications.

Erarslan, Alev. 2019. ‘Timber Construction Systems in Anatolian Vernacular Architecture’. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov, Series II: Forestry, Wood Industry, Agricultural Food Engineering. https://doi.org/10.31926/but.fwiafe.2019.12.61.2.3.

Ferrigni, F. 2015a. ‘The Central and Eastern Asian Local Seismic Culture: Three Approaches’. In Seismic Retrofitting: Learning from Vernacular Architecture, edited by M. R. Correia, P.B. Lourenço, and H. Varum, 77–81. London: Taylor & Francis Group.

———. 2015b. ‘Vernacular Architecture: A Paradigm of the Local Seismic Culture’. In Seismic Retrofitting: Learning from Vernacular Architecture, Editors: Mariana R. Correia, Paulo B. Lourenço, Humberto Varum, edited by Mariana R. Correia, Paulo B. Lourenço, and Humberto Varum Varum, 3–9. CRC Press – Taylor and Francis.

Güçhan, Neriman Şahin. 2018. ‘History and Characteristics of Construction Techniques Used in Traditional Timber Ottoman Houses’. International Journal of Architectural Heritage 12 (1): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2017.1336811.

Hariyanto, Agus D., Sugeng Triyadi, and Andry Widyowijatnoko. 2020. ‘Teknik Tradisional Pada Struktur Rumah Panggung Di Kabupaten Bima Untuk Ketahanan Terhadap Gempa’. RUANG: Jurnal Lingkungan Binaan (SPACE: Journal of the Built Environment) 7 (1).

Hariyanto, Agus D, Sugeng Triyadi, and Andry Widyowijatnoko. 2022. ‘A Simple Stilt Structure Technique for Earthquake Resistance of Wooden Vernacular Houses in Bima , Sumbawa Island , Indonesia’ 12 (4): 1491–97.

Hărmănescu, MIhaela, and Cristina Enache. 2016. ‘Vernacular and Technology . InBetween .’ Procedia Environmental Sciences 32: 412–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2016.03.047.

Horie, Toru, and Shinya Kaneko. 2017. ‘Arrangement and Terminology of the Main Structural Members of the Understructure in Japanese and British Vernacular Houses: Comparative Studies in the Terminology of Traditional Timber Construction Part 2’. Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 82 (740). https://doi.org/10.3130/aija.82.2553.

Kemp, A. R. 2004. ‘Use of Pin-Jointed Structures in Teaching Frame Analysis’. Engineering Structures 26 (7): 883–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.02.007.

Kim, Yeong Min. 2020. ‘Structural Analysis and Conceptual Seismic Design of Large-Span Korean Traditional Timber Structure’. Civil Engineering and Architecture 8 (2). https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2020.080213.

Lang, Dominik H., Amit Kumar, Sulaymon Sulaymanov, and Abdelghani Meslem. 2018. ‘Building Typology Classification and Earthquake Vulnerability Scale of Central and South Asian Building Stock’. Journal of Building Engineering 15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2017.11.022.

Lucas, Ray. 2016. Research Methods for Architecture. Laurence King Publishing.

Lumantarna, Benjamin, and Pamuda Pudjisuryadi. 2012. ‘Learning from Local Wisdom : Friction Damper in Traditional Building’. Civil Engineering Dimension 14 (3): 190–95. https://doi.org/10.9744/CED.14.3.190-195.

Maer, Bisatya W., and Pamuda Pudjisuryadi. 2015. ‘Sante-Fuse as an Earthquake Damper for Pendopo Joglo’. Dimensi - Journal of Architecture and Built Environment 42 (1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.9744/dimensi.42.1.1-8.

Manthani, Khairat, and Muhammad Fauzan. 2019. ‘Desain Dan Analisis Struktur Bangunan Adat Sumatera Barat Terhadap Ketahanan Gempa’. Jurnal Teknik Sipil Dan Lingkungan 4 (1): 25–36. https://doi.org/10.29244/jsil.4.1.25-36.

Neuman, W. Lawrence. 2014. Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Teaching Sociology. Seventh Ed. Pearson Education Limited. https://doi.org/10.2307/3211488.

Okubo, Takeyuki. 2016. ‘Traditional Wisdom for Disaster Mitigation in History of Japanese Architectures and Historic Cities’. Journal of Cultural Heritage 20 (July): 715–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2016.03.014.

Oliver, Paul. 1997. Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World. Volume 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Ortega, Javier, G. Vasconcelos, and M. R. Correia. 2015. ‘Seismic-Resistant Building Practices Resulting from Local Seismic Culture’. In Seismic Retrofitting: Learning from Vernacular Architecture, 17–22. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b18856.

Ortega, Javier, Graça Vasconcelos, and Mariana Correia. 2014. ‘An Overview of the Seismic Strengthening Techniques Traditionally Applied in Vernacular Architecture’. 9th International Masonry Conference, Guimarães, Portugal, 1–12.

Ortega, Javier, Graça Vasconcelos, Hugo Rodrigues, and Mariana Correia. 2018. ‘Assessment of the Efficiency of Traditional Earthquake Resistant Techniques for Vernacular Architecture’. Engineering Structures 173 (June): 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.06.101.

Ortega, Javier, Graça Vasconcelos, Hugo Rodrigues, Mariana Correia, and Paulo B. Lourenço. 2017. ‘Traditional Earthquake Resistant Techniques for Vernacular Architecture and Local Seismic Cultures: A Literature Review’. Journal of Cultural Heritage 27: 181–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2017.02.015.

Paudel, Sundar, Norihisa Shima, and Toshinobu Fujii. 2018. ‘Development of Earthquake Resilient Housing in Nepal by Development of Earthwuake Introducing Japanese’. AIJ Journal of Technology and Design. https://doi.org/10.3130/aijt.24.751.

Pranata, Yosafat Aji, and Kevin Mariano William. 2013. ‘Sistem Base Isolation Pada Rumah Kayu Tradisional Ammu Hawu, Pulau Sabu, Nusa Tenggara Timur’. In Seminar Nasional SCAN#4:"Stone, Steel, and Straw" Building Materials and Sustainable Environment, 101–8.

Prihatmaji, Yulianto, Akihisa Kitamori, and Kohei Komatsu. 2015. ‘Seismic Vulnerability on Structural Proportion of Traditional Javanese Wooden Houses (Joglo)’. Procedia Environmental Sciences 28 (SustaiN 2014): 804–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.095.

Santoso, C B, and D S Agustawijaya. 2020. ‘Seismic Risk for Sumbawa Island Based on Seismicity and Peak Ground Acceleration’. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 413 (1): 012009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/413/1/012009.

Triyadi, S., I. Sudradjat, and A. Harapan. 2009. ‘Vernacular Houses Typology and Its Respond to The Earthquake Case Study: Duku Ulu Village, Bengkulu, Indonesia’. Asian Transactions on Engineering 01 (02).

Triyadi, Sugeng, and Andi Harapan. 2011. ‘Lesson Learnt from Vernacular Houses of Rurukan and Tonsealama at Minahasa to Cope the Earthquake’. Asian Transactions on Science & Technology 1 (5): 14–21.