The role of artificial lighting techniques in forming sacred expressions at the sanctuary of the St. Laurentius Catholic Church Bandung, Indonesia
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Published:
Apr 1, 2022
Keywords:
Artificial lighting technique, Sacred expression, Sanctuary, St. Laurentius Catholic Church Bandung
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Abstract
The interpretation differences of the policies implemented by the Second Vatican Council have a significant influence on the increasingly diverse views and manifestations of the sacred expressions in the Catholic Church. Therefore, this research focuses on the sacred expression of the Sanctuary as the most important space of the Catholic Church. It was carried out at St. Laurentius Catholic Church Bandung because it applies various artificial lighting techniques to its worship space. Furthermore, this research discusses how and to what extent artificial lighting techniques are able to support the sacred expression of the contemporary Catholic Church Sanctuary. Data were quantitatively collected through working drawings, measuring the illumination level in the work area, and determining the brightness of space-forming materials. Meanwhile, data were also qualitatively collected through field observations and visual recordings. The analysis process was used to analyze the architectural sacredness, such as orientation, hierarchy, balance, and symbols. In addition, visual analysis was used for clarity, uniformity, balance, brightness, and spatial intimacy. The results showed that artificial lighting techniques play a significant role in forming sacred expressions of the Sanctuary of the St. Laurentius Catholic Church Bandung.
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Lukman, Aldyfra Luhulima, Ariani Mandala, and Clara Evangeline Utamalie. 2022. “The Role of Artificial Lighting Techniques in Forming Sacred Expressions at the Sanctuary of the St. Laurentius Catholic Church Bandung, Indonesia”. ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 7 (1), 119-30. https://doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v7i1.1264.
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ARTICLES-RESEARCH
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Salama, Hayam Mahdy. 2019. ‘Light as a Central Component in the Aesthetics of Islamic Architecture And Its Impact on the Creation of Contemporary Design Formulations’. International Design Journal 9 (1): 227–43. https://digitalcommons.aaru.edu.jo/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1273&context=faa-design.
Sim, Annie, Benson Lau, and Wai Ying Wong. 2018. ‘Daylighting in Sacred Buildings: Application of Dynamic Brightness Balance and Contrast in Divine Luminous Environment for Energy Saving and Visual Comfort’. In Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture (PLEA), 377–83. Hong Kong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong. http://web5.arch.cuhk.edu.hk/server1/staff1/edward/www/plea2018/conftool/www.conftool.com/plea2018/index446a.html?page=browseSessions&print=export&ismobile=false&form_session=135&presentations=show.
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Stroik, Duncan G. 2012. The Church Building as a Sacred Place: Beauty, Transcendence, and the Eternal. Chicago: Liturgy Training Publications.
———. 2015. ‘Transcendence, Where Hast Thou Gone?’ In Transcending Architecture - Contemporary Views on Sacred Space. Washington DC: The Catholic University of America Press.
Suriyothin, Phanchalath. 2016. ‘Interior Lighting Design for the Holy Rosary Church, Bangkok’. Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning 12: 149–64. https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/nakhara/article/view/103523/82779.
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———. 2018. Desain Pencahayaan Buatan Dalam Arsitektur. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Trisno, Rudy, and Fermanto Lianto. 2018a. ‘The Meaning of Natural Lighting on Altar Case Study: Cathedral Church and Church of the Light’. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology 9 (12): 209–13. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329982880_The_Meaning_of_Natural_Lighting_on_Altar_Case_Study_Cathedral_Church_and_Church_of_the_Light.
———. 2018b. ‘Catholic Church Is the Divinity Symbol with the Case Study of Santa Theresia Church in Jakarta, Indonesia’. International Journal of Engineering and Technology 10 (3): 865–72. https://doi.org/10.21817/ijet/2018/v10i3/181003099.
———. 2020. ‘A Liturgical Relation with the Spatial Configuration and Architectural Form of The Catholic Church’. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 10 (2): 843. https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.10.2.6184.
Velika, Regina Cesilia, Djauhari Sumintardja, and Augustina Ika Widyani. 2018. ‘Perwujudan Ekaristi Pada Interior Gereja Katolik Hati Santa Perawan Maria Tak Bernoda, Tangerang’. Visual: Jurnal Seni Rupa Dan Desain 14 (1). https://doi.org/10.24912/jurnal.v14i1.9054.
Barrie, Thomas. 2013. The Sacred In-between: The Mediating Roles of Architecture. The Sacred In-Between: The Mediating Roles of Architecture. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315881119.
Eliade, Mircea. 1987. The Sacred and the Profane: The Nature of Religion. Edited by Willard R. Trask. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. https://monoskop.org/images/b/b1/Eliade_Mircea_The_Sacred_and_The_profane_1963.pdf.
Foroughmand, Mostafa, Sumarni Ismail, Nangkula Utaberta, Mohd Yazid Mohd Yunos, and Nor Atiah Ismail. 2015. ‘Lighting Analysis in Mosque Architecture in Malaysia’. Advances in Environmental Biology 9 (5): 452–54. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274712065_Lighting_Analysis_in_Mosque_Architecture_in_Malaysia.
Gojnik, Zorana Sokol, and Igor Gojnik. 2018. ‘Constitutive Role of Light in Christian Sacred Architecture’. International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 12 (3): 365–68. https://zenodo.org/record/1316029#.YpDFG6hBzIU.
Hoffman, Douglas, and Michael J. Crosbie. 2010. Seeking the Sacred in Contemporary Religious Architecture. 1st ed. Ohio: The Kent State University Press.
Jones, Lindsay. 2016. The Hermeneutics of Sacred Architecture: Experience, Interpretation, Comparison: Monumental Occasions: Reflections on the Eventfulness of Religious. Kazi Publications.
Lake, Reginaldo Christophori. 2019. ‘Simbol Dan Ornamen-Simbolis Pada Arsitektur Gereja Katolik Regina Caeli Di Perumahan Pantai Indah Kapuk-Jakarta’. Idealog: Ide Dan Dialog Desain Indonesia 4 (1): 23. https://doi.org/10.25124/idealog.v4i1.1932.
Lechner, Norbert M. 2015. Heating, Cooling, Lighting: Sustainable Design Methods for Architects. 4th ed. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Livingston, Jason. 2014. Designing With Light: The Art, Science and Practice of Architectural Lighting Design. Edited by 1st. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lo, VWL, and KA Steemers. 2020. ‘Methods for Assessing the Effects of Spatial Luminance Patterns on Perceived Qualities of Concert Lighting’. Lighting Research & Technology 52 (1): 106–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477153519841098.
Mandala, Ariani. 2015. ‘Desain Ruang Dan Pencahayaan Buatan Untuk Mendukung Suasana Kontemplasi Pada Gereja Katolik Regina Caeli, Jakarta’. ATRIUM Jurnal Arsitektur 1 (2): 181–95. https://doi.org/10.21460/atrium.v1i2.48.
Matracchi, Pietro, and Ali Sadeghi habibabad. 2021a. ‘Prioritizing the Effect of “Light” in the Religious Places and Environments with an Emphasis on the Sense of Spirituality’. Ain Shams Engineering Journal 13 (1): 101514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2021.05.028.
———. 2021b. ‘Explaining and Evaluating the Quality of “Light” in Religious Environments and Its Effect on Spirituality’. Frontiers of Architectural Research 10 (4): 803–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2021.06.001.
Mishra, Shubhangi, and Rashmikumar Dave. 2019. ‘Architecture as Transition: Creating Sacred Space’. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (Irjet) 06 (10): 1546–49. https://www.irjet.net/archives/V6/i10/IRJET-V6I10266.pdf.
Ola, Frengky Benediktus, and Brigitta Michelle. 2021. ‘Digital Simulation as a Design Method of Artificial Lighting for Prayer Rooms’. Indonesian Journal of Information Systems 4 (1): 43–54. https://doi.org/10.24002/ijis.v4i1.4392.
Paiva, Rita. 2015. ‘Light and Shadow . The Importance of Light in the Church of S Ta . Maria and the Church of Light , of Siza and Ando 1’. BPJS 2 (1): 109–26. https://cham.fcsh.unl.pt/bpjs/files/06_Paiva.pdf.
Pallasmaa, Juhani. 2015. ‘Light, Silence, and Spirituality in Architecture and Art’. In Transcending Architecture - Contemporary Views on Sacred Space, edited by Julio Bermudez, 19–32. Washington DC: The Catholic University of America Press.
Pelealu, Sylviana J., Sangkertadi, and Juddy O. Waani. 2017. ‘Pencahayaan Buatan Dalam Gereja Katolik.’ Jurnal Arsitektur DASENG 6 (1): 53–62. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/daseng/article/view/16766/pdf.
Putra, Wayan Eka Jaya, I Nyoman Artayasa, and I Gede Mugi Raharja. 2017. ‘Kesatuan Dan Warna Pada Elemen Interior Gaya Gotik Dan Arsitektur Bali Pada Gereja Katolik Roh Kudus Katedral Denpasar’. PRABANGKARA: Jurnal Seni Rupa Dan Desain 21 (1): 58–67. https://jurnal.isi-dps.ac.id/index.php/prabangkara/article/view/226/138.
Salama, Hayam Mahdy. 2019. ‘Light as a Central Component in the Aesthetics of Islamic Architecture And Its Impact on the Creation of Contemporary Design Formulations’. International Design Journal 9 (1): 227–43. https://digitalcommons.aaru.edu.jo/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1273&context=faa-design.
Sim, Annie, Benson Lau, and Wai Ying Wong. 2018. ‘Daylighting in Sacred Buildings: Application of Dynamic Brightness Balance and Contrast in Divine Luminous Environment for Energy Saving and Visual Comfort’. In Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture (PLEA), 377–83. Hong Kong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong. http://web5.arch.cuhk.edu.hk/server1/staff1/edward/www/plea2018/conftool/www.conftool.com/plea2018/index446a.html?page=browseSessions&print=export&ismobile=false&form_session=135&presentations=show.
Srisadono, Yosef Doni. 2012. ‘Konsep “Sacred Space” Dalam Arsitektur Gereja Katolik’. Melintas 28 (2): 182–206. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26593/mel.v28i2.282.182-206.
Stroik, Duncan G. 2012. The Church Building as a Sacred Place: Beauty, Transcendence, and the Eternal. Chicago: Liturgy Training Publications.
———. 2015. ‘Transcendence, Where Hast Thou Gone?’ In Transcending Architecture - Contemporary Views on Sacred Space. Washington DC: The Catholic University of America Press.
Suriyothin, Phanchalath. 2016. ‘Interior Lighting Design for the Holy Rosary Church, Bangkok’. Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning 12: 149–64. https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/nakhara/article/view/103523/82779.
Sutanto, E. B. Handoko. 2017. Prinsip-Prinsip Pencahayaan Buatan Dalam Arsitektur. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
———. 2018. Desain Pencahayaan Buatan Dalam Arsitektur. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Trisno, Rudy, and Fermanto Lianto. 2018a. ‘The Meaning of Natural Lighting on Altar Case Study: Cathedral Church and Church of the Light’. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology 9 (12): 209–13. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329982880_The_Meaning_of_Natural_Lighting_on_Altar_Case_Study_Cathedral_Church_and_Church_of_the_Light.
———. 2018b. ‘Catholic Church Is the Divinity Symbol with the Case Study of Santa Theresia Church in Jakarta, Indonesia’. International Journal of Engineering and Technology 10 (3): 865–72. https://doi.org/10.21817/ijet/2018/v10i3/181003099.
———. 2020. ‘A Liturgical Relation with the Spatial Configuration and Architectural Form of The Catholic Church’. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 10 (2): 843. https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.10.2.6184.
Velika, Regina Cesilia, Djauhari Sumintardja, and Augustina Ika Widyani. 2018. ‘Perwujudan Ekaristi Pada Interior Gereja Katolik Hati Santa Perawan Maria Tak Bernoda, Tangerang’. Visual: Jurnal Seni Rupa Dan Desain 14 (1). https://doi.org/10.24912/jurnal.v14i1.9054.